lib/cpp/src/server/TNonblockingServer.h

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

#ifndef _THRIFT_SERVER_TNONBLOCKINGSERVER_H_
#define _THRIFT_SERVER_TNONBLOCKINGSERVER_H_ 1

#include <Thrift.h>
#include <server/TServer.h>
#include <transport/TBufferTransports.h>
#include <transport/TSocket.h>
#include <concurrency/ThreadManager.h>
#include <climits>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <errno.h>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <event.h>

namespace apache { namespace thrift { namespace server {

using apache::thrift::transport::TMemoryBuffer;
using apache::thrift::transport::TSocket;
using apache::thrift::protocol::TProtocol;
using apache::thrift::concurrency::Runnable;
using apache::thrift::concurrency::ThreadManager;

// Forward declaration of class
class TConnection;

#ifdef LIBEVENT_VERSION_NUMBER
#define LIBEVENT_VERSION_MAJOR (LIBEVENT_VERSION_NUMBER >> 24)
#define LIBEVENT_VERSION_MINOR ((LIBEVENT_VERSION_NUMBER >> 16) & 0xFF)
#define LIBEVENT_VERSION_REL ((LIBEVENT_VERSION_NUMBER >> 8) & 0xFF)
#else
// assume latest version 1 series
#define LIBEVENT_VERSION_MAJOR 1
#define LIBEVENT_VERSION_MINOR 14
#define LIBEVENT_VERSION_REL 13
#define LIBEVENT_VERSION_NUMBER ((LIBEVENT_VERSION_MAJOR << 24) | (LIBEVENT_VERSION_MINOR << 16) | (LIBEVENT_VERSION_REL << 8))
#endif

#if LIBEVENT_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x02000000
 typedef int evutil_socket_t;
#endif

#ifndef SOCKOPT_CAST_T
#define SOCKOPT_CAST_T void
#endif

template<class T>
inline const SOCKOPT_CAST_T* const_cast_sockopt(const T* v) {
  return reinterpret_cast<const SOCKOPT_CAST_T*>(v);
}

template<class T>
inline SOCKOPT_CAST_T* cast_sockopt(T* v) {
  return reinterpret_cast<SOCKOPT_CAST_T*>(v);
}

/**
 * This is a non-blocking server in C++ for high performance that operates a
 * single IO thread. It assumes that all incoming requests are framed with a
 * 4 byte length indicator and writes out responses using the same framing.
 *
 * It does not use the TServerTransport framework, but rather has socket
 * operations hardcoded for use with select.
 *
 */


/// Overload condition actions.
enum TOverloadAction {
  T_OVERLOAD_NO_ACTION,        ///< Don't handle overload */
  T_OVERLOAD_CLOSE_ON_ACCEPT,  ///< Drop new connections immediately */
  T_OVERLOAD_DRAIN_TASK_QUEUE  ///< Drop some tasks from head of task queue */
};

class TNonblockingServer : public TServer {
 private:
  /// Listen backlog
  static const int LISTEN_BACKLOG = 1024;

  /// Default limit on size of idle connection pool
  static const size_t CONNECTION_STACK_LIMIT = 1024;

  /// Default limit on total number of connected sockets
  static const int MAX_CONNECTIONS = INT_MAX;

  /// Default limit on connections in handler/task processing
  static const int MAX_ACTIVE_PROCESSORS = INT_MAX;

  /// Default size of write buffer
  static const int WRITE_BUFFER_DEFAULT_SIZE = 1024;

  /// Maximum size of read buffer allocated to idle connection (0 = unlimited)
  static const int IDLE_READ_BUFFER_LIMIT = 1024;

  /// Maximum size of write buffer allocated to idle connection (0 = unlimited)
  static const int IDLE_WRITE_BUFFER_LIMIT = 1024;

  /// # of calls before resizing oversized buffers (0 = check only on close)
  static const int RESIZE_BUFFER_EVERY_N = 512;

  /// Server socket file descriptor
  int serverSocket_;

  /// Port server runs on
  int port_;

  /// For processing via thread pool, may be NULL
  boost::shared_ptr<ThreadManager> threadManager_;

  /// Is thread pool processing?
  bool threadPoolProcessing_;

  /// The event base for libevent
  event_base* eventBase_;
  bool ownEventBase_;

  /// Event struct, used with eventBase_ for connection events
  struct event serverEvent_;

  /// Event struct, used with eventBase_ for task completion notification
  struct event notificationEvent_;

  /// Number of TConnection object we've created
  size_t numTConnections_;

  /// Number of Connections processing or waiting to process
  size_t numActiveProcessors_;

  /// Limit for how many TConnection objects to cache
  size_t connectionStackLimit_;

  /// Limit for number of connections processing or waiting to process
  size_t maxActiveProcessors_;

  /// Limit for number of open connections
  size_t maxConnections_;

  /// Time in milliseconds before an unperformed task expires (0 == infinite).
  int64_t taskExpireTime_;

  /**
   * Hysteresis for overload state.  This is the fraction of the overload
   * value that needs to be reached before the overload state is cleared;
   * must be <= 1.0.
   */
  double overloadHysteresis_;

  /// Action to take when we're overloaded.
  TOverloadAction overloadAction_;

  /**
   * The write buffer is initialized (and when idleWriteBufferLimit_ is checked
   * and found to be exceeded, reinitialized) to this size.
   */
  size_t writeBufferDefaultSize_;

  /**
   * Max read buffer size for an idle TConnection.  When we place an idle
   * TConnection into connectionStack_ or on every resizeBufferEveryN_ calls,
   * we will free the buffer (such that it will be reinitialized by the next
   * received frame) if it has exceeded this limit.  0 disables this check.
   */
  size_t idleReadBufferLimit_;

  /**
   * Max write buffer size for an idle connection.  When we place an idle
   * TConnection into connectionStack_ or on every resizeBufferEveryN_ calls,
   * we insure that its write buffer is <= to this size; otherwise we
   * replace it with a new one of writeBufferDefaultSize_ bytes to insure that
   * idle connections don't hog memory. 0 disables this check.
   */
  size_t idleWriteBufferLimit_;

  /**
   * Every N calls we check the buffer size limits on a connected TConnection.
   * 0 disables (i.e. the checks are only done when a connection closes).
   */
  int32_t resizeBufferEveryN_;

  /// Set if we are currently in an overloaded state.
  bool overloaded_;

  /// Count of connections dropped since overload started
  uint32_t nConnectionsDropped_;

  /// Count of connections dropped on overload since server started
  uint64_t nTotalConnectionsDropped_;

  /// File descriptors for pipe used for task completion notification.
  evutil_socket_t notificationPipeFDs_[2];

  /**
   * This is a stack of all the objects that have been created but that
   * are NOT currently in use. When we close a connection, we place it on this
   * stack so that the object can be reused later, rather than freeing the
   * memory and reallocating a new object later.
   */
  std::stack<TConnection*> connectionStack_;

  /**
   * Called when server socket had something happen.  We accept all waiting
   * client connections on listen socket fd and assign TConnection objects
   * to handle those requests.
   *
   * @param fd the listen socket.
   * @param which the event flag that triggered the handler.
   */
  void handleEvent(int fd, short which);

  void init(int port) {
    serverSocket_ = -1;
    port_ = port;
    threadPoolProcessing_ = false;
    eventBase_ = NULL;
    ownEventBase_ = false;
    numTConnections_ = 0;
    numActiveProcessors_ = 0;
    connectionStackLimit_ = CONNECTION_STACK_LIMIT;
    maxActiveProcessors_ = MAX_ACTIVE_PROCESSORS;
    maxConnections_ = MAX_CONNECTIONS;
    taskExpireTime_ = 0;
    overloadHysteresis_ = 0.8;
    overloadAction_ = T_OVERLOAD_NO_ACTION;
    writeBufferDefaultSize_ = WRITE_BUFFER_DEFAULT_SIZE;
    idleReadBufferLimit_ = IDLE_READ_BUFFER_LIMIT;
    idleWriteBufferLimit_ = IDLE_WRITE_BUFFER_LIMIT;
    resizeBufferEveryN_ = RESIZE_BUFFER_EVERY_N;
    overloaded_ = false;
    nConnectionsDropped_ = 0;
    nTotalConnectionsDropped_ = 0;
  }

 public:
  TNonblockingServer(const boost::shared_ptr<TProcessor>& processor,
                     int port) :
    TServer(processor) {
    init(port);
  }

  TNonblockingServer(
      const boost::shared_ptr<TProcessor>& processor,
      const boost::shared_ptr<TProtocolFactory>& protocolFactory,
      int port,
      const boost::shared_ptr<ThreadManager>& threadManager =
        boost::shared_ptr<ThreadManager>()) :
    TServer(processor) {

    init(port);

    setInputProtocolFactory(protocolFactory);
    setOutputProtocolFactory(protocolFactory);
    setThreadManager(threadManager);
  }

  TNonblockingServer(
      const boost::shared_ptr<TProcessor>& processor,
      const boost::shared_ptr<TTransportFactory>& inputTransportFactory,
      const boost::shared_ptr<TTransportFactory>& outputTransportFactory,
      const boost::shared_ptr<TProtocolFactory>& inputProtocolFactory,
      const boost::shared_ptr<TProtocolFactory>& outputProtocolFactory,
      int port,
      const boost::shared_ptr<ThreadManager>& threadManager =
        boost::shared_ptr<ThreadManager>()) :
    TServer(processor) {

    init(port);

    setInputTransportFactory(inputTransportFactory);
    setOutputTransportFactory(outputTransportFactory);
    setInputProtocolFactory(inputProtocolFactory);
    setOutputProtocolFactory(outputProtocolFactory);
    setThreadManager(threadManager);
  }

  ~TNonblockingServer();

  void setThreadManager(boost::shared_ptr<ThreadManager> threadManager);

  boost::shared_ptr<ThreadManager> getThreadManager() {
    return threadManager_;
  }

  /**
   * Get the maximum number of unused TConnection we will hold in reserve.
   *
   * @return the current limit on TConnection pool size.
   */
  size_t getConnectionStackLimit() const {
    return connectionStackLimit_;
  }

  /**
   * Set the maximum number of unused TConnection we will hold in reserve.
   *
   * @param sz the new limit for TConnection pool size.
   */
  void setConnectionStackLimit(size_t sz) {
    connectionStackLimit_ = sz;
  }

  bool isThreadPoolProcessing() const {
    return threadPoolProcessing_;
  }

  void addTask(boost::shared_ptr<Runnable> task) {
    threadManager_->add(task, 0LL, taskExpireTime_);
  }

  event_base* getEventBase() const {
    return eventBase_;
  }

  /// Increment our count of the number of connected sockets.
  void incrementNumConnections() {
    ++numTConnections_;
  }

  /// Decrement our count of the number of connected sockets.
  void decrementNumConnections() {
    --numTConnections_;
  }

  /**
   * Return the count of sockets currently connected to.
   *
   * @return count of connected sockets.
   */
  size_t getNumConnections() const {
    return numTConnections_;
  }

  /**
   * Return the count of connection objects allocated but not in use.
   *
   * @return count of idle connection objects.
   */
  size_t getNumIdleConnections() const {
    return connectionStack_.size();
  }

  /**
   * Return count of number of connections which are currently processing.
   * This is defined as a connection where all data has been received and
   * either assigned a task (when threading) or passed to a handler (when
   * not threading), and where the handler has not yet returned.
   *
   * @return # of connections currently processing.
   */
  size_t getNumActiveProcessors() const {
    return numActiveProcessors_;
  }

  /// Increment the count of connections currently processing.
  void incrementActiveProcessors() {
    ++numActiveProcessors_;
  }

  /// Decrement the count of connections currently processing.
  void decrementActiveProcessors() {
    if (numActiveProcessors_ > 0) {
      --numActiveProcessors_;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Get the maximum # of connections allowed before overload.
   *
   * @return current setting.
   */
  size_t getMaxConnections() const {
    return maxConnections_;
  }

  /**
   * Set the maximum # of connections allowed before overload.
   *
   * @param maxConnections new setting for maximum # of connections.
   */
  void setMaxConnections(size_t maxConnections) {
    maxConnections_ = maxConnections;
  }

  /**
   * Get the maximum # of connections waiting in handler/task before overload.
   *
   * @return current setting.
   */
  size_t getMaxActiveProcessors() const {
    return maxActiveProcessors_;
  }

  /**
   * Set the maximum # of connections waiting in handler/task before overload.
   *
   * @param maxActiveProcessors new setting for maximum # of active processes.
   */
  void setMaxActiveProcessors(size_t maxActiveProcessors) {
    maxActiveProcessors_ = maxActiveProcessors;
  }

  /**
   * Get fraction of maximum limits before an overload condition is cleared.
   *
   * @return hysteresis fraction
   */
  double getOverloadHysteresis() const {
    return overloadHysteresis_;
  }

  /**
   * Set fraction of maximum limits before an overload condition is cleared.
   * A good value would probably be between 0.5 and 0.9.
   *
   * @param hysteresisFraction fraction <= 1.0.
   */
  void setOverloadHysteresis(double hysteresisFraction) {
    if (hysteresisFraction <= 1.0 && hysteresisFraction > 0.0) {
      overloadHysteresis_ = hysteresisFraction;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Get the action the server will take on overload.
   *
   * @return a TOverloadAction enum value for the currently set action.
   */
  TOverloadAction getOverloadAction() const {
    return overloadAction_;
  }

  /**
   * Set the action the server is to take on overload.
   *
   * @param overloadAction a TOverloadAction enum value for the action.
   */
  void setOverloadAction(TOverloadAction overloadAction) {
    overloadAction_ = overloadAction;
  }

  /**
   * Get the time in milliseconds after which a task expires (0 == infinite).
   *
   * @return a 64-bit time in milliseconds.
   */
  int64_t getTaskExpireTime() const {
    return taskExpireTime_;
  }

  /**
   * Set the time in milliseconds after which a task expires (0 == infinite).
   *
   * @param taskExpireTime a 64-bit time in milliseconds.
   */
  void setTaskExpireTime(int64_t taskExpireTime) {
    taskExpireTime_ = taskExpireTime;
  }

  /**
   * Determine if the server is currently overloaded.
   * This function checks the maximums for open connections and connections
   * currently in processing, and sets an overload condition if they are
   * exceeded.  The overload will persist until both values are below the
   * current hysteresis fraction of their maximums.
   *
   * @return true if an overload condition exists, false if not.
   */
  bool serverOverloaded();

  /** Pop and discard next task on threadpool wait queue.
   *
   * @return true if a task was discarded, false if the wait queue was empty.
   */
  bool drainPendingTask();

  /**
   * Get the starting size of a TConnection object's write buffer.
   *
   * @return # bytes we initialize a TConnection object's write buffer to.
   */
  size_t getWriteBufferDefaultSize() const {
    return writeBufferDefaultSize_;
  }

  /**
   * Set the starting size of a TConnection object's write buffer.
   *
   * @param size # bytes we initialize a TConnection object's write buffer to.
   */
  void setWriteBufferDefaultSize(size_t size) {
    writeBufferDefaultSize_ = size;
  }

  /**
   * Get the maximum size of read buffer allocated to idle TConnection objects.
   *
   * @return # bytes beyond which we will dealloc idle buffer.
   */
  size_t getIdleReadBufferLimit() const {
    return idleReadBufferLimit_;
  }

  /**
   * [NOTE: This is for backwards compatibility, use getIdleReadBufferLimit().]
   * Get the maximum size of read buffer allocated to idle TConnection objects.
   *
   * @return # bytes beyond which we will dealloc idle buffer.
   */
  size_t getIdleBufferMemLimit() const {
    return idleReadBufferLimit_;
  }

  /**
   * Set the maximum size read buffer allocated to idle TConnection objects.
   * If a TConnection object is found (either on connection close or between
   * calls when resizeBufferEveryN_ is set) with more than this much memory
   * allocated to its read buffer, we free it and allow it to be reinitialized
   * on the next received frame.
   *
   * @param limit of bytes beyond which we will shrink buffers when checked.
   */
  void setIdleReadBufferLimit(size_t limit) {
    idleReadBufferLimit_ = limit;
  }

  /**
   * [NOTE: This is for backwards compatibility, use setIdleReadBufferLimit().]
   * Set the maximum size read buffer allocated to idle TConnection objects.
   * If a TConnection object is found (either on connection close or between
   * calls when resizeBufferEveryN_ is set) with more than this much memory
   * allocated to its read buffer, we free it and allow it to be reinitialized
   * on the next received frame.
   *
   * @param limit of bytes beyond which we will shrink buffers when checked.
   */
  void setIdleBufferMemLimit(size_t limit) {
    idleReadBufferLimit_ = limit;
  }

  

  /**
   * Get the maximum size of write buffer allocated to idle TConnection objects.
   *
   * @return # bytes beyond which we will reallocate buffers when checked.
   */
  size_t getIdleWriteBufferLimit() const {
    return idleWriteBufferLimit_;
  }

  /**
   * Set the maximum size write buffer allocated to idle TConnection objects.
   * If a TConnection object is found (either on connection close or between
   * calls when resizeBufferEveryN_ is set) with more than this much memory
   * allocated to its write buffer, we destroy and construct that buffer with
   * writeBufferDefaultSize_ bytes.
   *
   * @param limit of bytes beyond which we will shrink buffers when idle.
   */
  void setIdleWriteBufferLimit(size_t limit) {
    idleWriteBufferLimit_ = limit;
  }

  /**
   * Get # of calls made between buffer size checks.  0 means disabled.
   *
   * @return # of calls between buffer size checks.
   */
  int32_t getResizeBufferEveryN() const {
    return resizeBufferEveryN_;
  }

  /**
   * Check buffer sizes every "count" calls.  This allows buffer limits
   * to be enforced for persistant connections with a controllable degree
   * of overhead. 0 disables checks except at connection close.
   *
   * @param count the number of calls between checks, or 0 to disable
   */
  void setResizeBufferEveryN(int32_t count) {
    resizeBufferEveryN_ = count;
  }



  /**
   * Return an initialized connection object.  Creates or recovers from
   * pool a TConnection and initializes it with the provided socket FD
   * and flags.
   *
   * @param socket FD of socket associated with this connection.
   * @param flags initial lib_event flags for this connection.
   * @param addr the sockaddr of the client
   * @param addrLen the length of addr
   * @return pointer to initialized TConnection object.
   */
  TConnection* createConnection(int socket, short flags,
                                const sockaddr* addr, socklen_t addrLen);

  /**
   * Returns a connection to pool or deletion.  If the connection pool
   * (a stack) isn't full, place the connection object on it, otherwise
   * just delete it.
   *
   * @param connection the TConection being returned.
   */
  void returnConnection(TConnection* connection);

  /**
   * Callback function that the threadmanager calls when a task reaches
   * its expiration time.  It is needed to clean up the expired connection.
   *
   * @param task the runnable associated with the expired task.
   */
  void expireClose(boost::shared_ptr<Runnable> task);

  /**
   * C-callable event handler for listener events.  Provides a callback
   * that libevent can understand which invokes server->handleEvent().
   *
   * @param fd the descriptor the event occured on.
   * @param which the flags associated with the event.
   * @param v void* callback arg where we placed TNonblockingServer's "this".
   */
  static void eventHandler(evutil_socket_t fd, short which, void* v) {
    ((TNonblockingServer*)v)->handleEvent(fd, which);
  }

  /// Creates a socket to listen on and binds it to the local port.
  void listenSocket();

  /**
   * Takes a socket created by listenSocket() and sets various options on it
   * to prepare for use in the server.
   *
   * @param fd descriptor of socket to be initialized/
   */
  void listenSocket(int fd);

  /// Create the pipe used to notify I/O process of task completion.
  void createNotificationPipe();

  /**
   * Get notification pipe send descriptor.
   *
   * @return write fd for pipe.
   */
  int getNotificationSendFD() const {
    return notificationPipeFDs_[1];
  }

  /**
   * Get notification pipe receive descriptor.
   *
   * @return read fd of pipe.
   */
  int getNotificationRecvFD() const {
    return notificationPipeFDs_[0];
  }

  /**
   * Register the core libevent events onto the proper base.
   *
   * @param base pointer to the event base to be initialized.
   * @param ownEventBase if true, this server is responsible for
   * freeing the event base memory.
   */
  void registerEvents(event_base* base, bool ownEventBase = true);

  /**
   * Main workhorse function, starts up the server listening on a port and
   * loops over the libevent handler.
   */
  void serve();

  /**
   * May be called from a separate thread to cause serve() to return.
   */
  void stop();
};

/// Three states for sockets: recv frame size, recv data, and send mode
enum TSocketState {
  SOCKET_RECV_FRAMING,
  SOCKET_RECV,
  SOCKET_SEND
};

/**
 * Five states for the nonblocking servr:
 *  1) initialize
 *  2) read 4 byte frame size
 *  3) read frame of data
 *  4) send back data (if any)
 *  5) force immediate connection close
 */
enum TAppState {
  APP_INIT,
  APP_READ_FRAME_SIZE,
  APP_READ_REQUEST,
  APP_WAIT_TASK,
  APP_SEND_RESULT,
  APP_CLOSE_CONNECTION
};

/**
 * Represents a connection that is handled via libevent. This connection
 * essentially encapsulates a socket that has some associated libevent state.
 */
class TConnection {
 private:

  /// Server handle
  TNonblockingServer* server_;

  /// Object wrapping network socket
  boost::shared_ptr<TSocket> tSocket_;

  /// Libevent object
  struct event event_;

  /// Libevent flags
  short eventFlags_;

  /// Socket mode
  TSocketState socketState_;

  /// Application state
  TAppState appState_;

  /// How much data needed to read
  uint32_t readWant_;

  /// Where in the read buffer are we
  uint32_t readBufferPos_;

  /// Read buffer
  uint8_t* readBuffer_;

  /// Read buffer size
  uint32_t readBufferSize_;

  /// Write buffer
  uint8_t* writeBuffer_;

  /// Write buffer size
  uint32_t writeBufferSize_;

  /// How far through writing are we?
  uint32_t writeBufferPos_;

  /// Largest size of write buffer seen since buffer was constructed
  size_t largestWriteBufferSize_;

  /// Count of the number of calls for use with getResizeBufferEveryN().
  int32_t callsForResize_;

  /// Task handle
  int taskHandle_;

  /// Task event
  struct event taskEvent_;

  /// Transport to read from
  boost::shared_ptr<TMemoryBuffer> inputTransport_;

  /// Transport that processor writes to
  boost::shared_ptr<TMemoryBuffer> outputTransport_;

  /// extra transport generated by transport factory (e.g. BufferedRouterTransport)
  boost::shared_ptr<TTransport> factoryInputTransport_;
  boost::shared_ptr<TTransport> factoryOutputTransport_;

  /// Protocol decoder
  boost::shared_ptr<TProtocol> inputProtocol_;

  /// Protocol encoder
  boost::shared_ptr<TProtocol> outputProtocol_;

  /// Server event handler, if any
  boost::shared_ptr<TServerEventHandler> serverEventHandler_;

  /// Thrift call context, if any
  void *connectionContext_;

  /// Go into read mode
  void setRead() {
    setFlags(EV_READ | EV_PERSIST);
  }

  /// Go into write mode
  void setWrite() {
    setFlags(EV_WRITE | EV_PERSIST);
  }

  /// Set socket idle
  void setIdle() {
    setFlags(0);
  }

  /**
   * Set event flags for this connection.
   *
   * @param eventFlags flags we pass to libevent for the connection.
   */
  void setFlags(short eventFlags);

  /**
   * Libevent handler called (via our static wrapper) when the connection
   * socket had something happen.  Rather than use the flags libevent passed,
   * we use the connection state to determine whether we need to read or
   * write the socket.
   */
  void workSocket();

  /// Close this connection and free or reset its resources.
  void close();

 public:

  class Task;

  /// Constructor
  TConnection(int socket, short eventFlags, TNonblockingServer *s,
              const sockaddr* addr, socklen_t addrLen) {
    readBuffer_ = NULL;
    readBufferSize_ = 0;

    // Allocate input and output tranpsorts
    // these only need to be allocated once per TConnection (they don't need to be
    // reallocated on init() call)
    inputTransport_ = boost::shared_ptr<TMemoryBuffer>(new TMemoryBuffer(readBuffer_, readBufferSize_));
    outputTransport_ = boost::shared_ptr<TMemoryBuffer>(new TMemoryBuffer(s->getWriteBufferDefaultSize()));
    tSocket_.reset(new TSocket());

    init(socket, eventFlags, s, addr, addrLen);
    server_->incrementNumConnections();
  }

  ~TConnection() {
    std::free(readBuffer_);
    server_->decrementNumConnections();
  }

 /**
   * Check buffers against any size limits and shrink it if exceeded.
   *
   * @param readLimit we reduce read buffer size to this (if nonzero).
   * @param writeLimit if nonzero and write buffer is larger, replace it.
   */
  void checkIdleBufferMemLimit(size_t readLimit, size_t writeLimit);

  /// Initialize
  void init(int socket, short eventFlags, TNonblockingServer *s,
            const sockaddr* addr, socklen_t addrLen);

  /**
   * This is called when the application transitions from one state into
   * another. This means that it has finished writing the data that it needed
   * to, or finished receiving the data that it needed to.
   */
  void transition();

  /**
   * C-callable event handler for connection events.  Provides a callback
   * that libevent can understand which invokes connection_->workSocket().
   *
   * @param fd the descriptor the event occured on.
   * @param which the flags associated with the event.
   * @param v void* callback arg where we placed TConnection's "this".
   */
  static void eventHandler(evutil_socket_t fd, short /* which */, void* v) {
    assert(fd == ((TConnection*)v)->getTSocket()->getSocketFD());
    ((TConnection*)v)->workSocket();
  }

  /**
   * C-callable event handler for signaling task completion.  Provides a
   * callback that libevent can understand that will read a connection
   * object's address from a pipe and call connection->transition() for
   * that object.
   *
   * @param fd the descriptor the event occured on.
   */
  static void taskHandler(evutil_socket_t fd, short /* which */, void* /* v */) {
    TConnection* connection;
    ssize_t nBytes;
    while ((nBytes = recv(fd, cast_sockopt(&connection), sizeof(TConnection*), 0))
        == sizeof(TConnection*)) {
      connection->transition();
    }
    if (nBytes > 0) {
      throw TException("TConnection::taskHandler unexpected partial read");
    }
    if (errno && errno != EWOULDBLOCK && errno != EAGAIN) {
      GlobalOutput.perror("TConnection::taskHandler read failed, resource leak", errno);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Notification to server that processing has ended on this request.
   * Can be called either when processing is completed or when a waiting
   * task has been preemptively terminated (on overload).
   *
   * @return true if successful, false if unable to notify (check errno).
   */
  bool notifyServer() {
    TConnection* connection = this;
    if (send(server_->getNotificationSendFD(), const_cast_sockopt(&connection),
             sizeof(TConnection*), 0) != sizeof(TConnection*)) {
      return false;
    }

    return true;
  }

  /// Force connection shutdown for this connection.
  void forceClose() {
    appState_ = APP_CLOSE_CONNECTION;
    if (!notifyServer()) {
      throw TException("TConnection::forceClose: failed write on notify pipe");
    }
  }

  /// return the server this connection was initialized for.
  TNonblockingServer* getServer() {
    return server_;
  }

  /// get state of connection.
  TAppState getState() {
    return appState_;
  }

  /// return the TSocket transport wrapping this network connection
  boost::shared_ptr<TSocket> getTSocket() const {
    return tSocket_;
  }

  /// return the server event handler if any
  boost::shared_ptr<TServerEventHandler> getServerEventHandler() {
    return serverEventHandler_;
  }

  /// return the Thrift connection context if any
  void* getConnectionContext() {
    return connectionContext_;
  }

};

}}} // apache::thrift::server

#endif // #ifndef _THRIFT_SERVER_TSIMPLESERVER_H_