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============
Linux Fomula
============
Linux Operating Systems.
* Ubuntu
* CentOS
* RedHat
* Fedora
* Arch
Sample Pillars
==============
Linux System
------------
Basic Linux box
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
enabled: true
name: 'node1'
domain: 'domain.com'
cluster: 'system'
environment: prod
timezone: 'Europe/Prague'
utc: true
Linux with system users, some with password set:
.. WARNING::
If no 'password' variable has been passed - any predifined password
will be removed.
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
...
user:
jdoe:
name: 'jdoe'
enabled: true
sudo: true
shell: /bin/bash
full_name: 'Jonh Doe'
home: '/home/jdoe'
home_dir_mode: 755
email: 'jonh@doe.com'
jsmith:
name: 'jsmith'
enabled: true
full_name: 'With clear password'
home: '/home/jsmith'
hash_password: true
password: "userpassword"
mark:
name: 'mark'
enabled: true
full_name: "unchange password'
home: '/home/mark'
password: false
elizabeth:
name: 'elizabeth'
enabled: true
full_name: 'With hased password'
home: '/home/elizabeth'
password: "$6$nUI7QEz3$dFYjzQqK5cJ6HQ38KqG4gTWA9eJu3aKx6TRVDFh6BVJxJgFWg2akfAA7f1fCxcSUeOJ2arCO6EEI6XXnHXxG10"
Configure sudo for users and groups under ``/etc/sudoers.d/``.
This ways ``linux.system.sudo`` pillar map to actual sudo attributes:
.. code-block:: jinja
# simplified template:
Cmds_Alias {{ alias }}={{ commands }}
{{ user }} {{ hosts }}=({{ runas }}) NOPASSWD: {{ commands }}
%{{ group }} {{ hosts }}=({{ runas }}) NOPASSWD: {{ commands }}
# when rendered:
saltuser1 ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
sudo:
enabled: true
aliases:
host:
LOCAL:
- localhost
PRODUCTION:
- db1
- db2
runas:
DBA:
- postgres
- mysql
SALT:
- root
command:
# Note: This is not 100% safe when ALL keyword is used, user still may modify configs and hide his actions.
# Best practice is to specify full list of commands user is allowed to run.
SUPPORT_RESTRICTED:
- /bin/vi /etc/sudoers*
- /bin/vim /etc/sudoers*
- /bin/nano /etc/sudoers*
- /bin/emacs /etc/sudoers*
- /bin/su - root
- /bin/su -
- /bin/su
- /usr/sbin/visudo
SUPPORT_SHELLS:
- /bin/sh
- /bin/ksh
- /bin/bash
- /bin/rbash
- /bin/dash
- /bin/zsh
- /bin/csh
- /bin/fish
- /bin/tcsh
- /usr/bin/login
- /usr/bin/su
- /usr/su
ALL_SALT_SAFE:
- /usr/bin/salt state*
- /usr/bin/salt service*
- /usr/bin/salt pillar*
- /usr/bin/salt grains*
- /usr/bin/salt saltutil*
- /usr/bin/salt-call state*
- /usr/bin/salt-call service*
- /usr/bin/salt-call pillar*
- /usr/bin/salt-call grains*
- /usr/bin/salt-call saltutil*
SALT_TRUSTED:
- /usr/bin/salt*
users:
# saltuser1 with default values: saltuser1 ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
saltuser1: {}
saltuser2:
hosts:
- LOCAL
# User Alias DBA
DBA:
hosts:
- ALL
commands:
- ALL_SALT_SAFE
groups:
db-ops:
hosts:
- ALL
- '!PRODUCTION'
runas:
- DBA
commands:
- /bin/cat *
- /bin/less *
- /bin/ls *
salt-ops:
hosts:
- 'ALL'
runas:
- SALT
commands:
- SUPPORT_SHELLS
salt-ops-2nd:
name: salt-ops
nopasswd: false
setenv: true # Enable sudo -E option
runas:
- DBA
commands:
- ALL
- '!SUPPORT_SHELLS'
- '!SUPPORT_RESTRICTED'
Linux with package, latest version
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
...
package:
package-name:
version: latest
Linux with package from certail repo, version with no upgrades
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
...
package:
package-name:
version: 2132.323
repo: 'custom-repo'
hold: true
Linux with package from certail repo, version with no GPG verification
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
...
package:
package-name:
version: 2132.323
repo: 'custom-repo'
verify: false
Linux with autoupdates (automatically install security package updates)
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
...
autoupdates:
enabled: true
mail: root@localhost
mail_only_on_error: true
remove_unused_dependencies: false
automatic_reboot: true
automatic_reboot_time: "02:00"
Linux with cron jobs
By default it will use name as an identifier, unless identifier key is
explicitly set or False (then it will use Salt's default behavior which is
identifier same as command resulting in not being able to change it)
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
...
job:
cmd1:
command: '/cmd/to/run'
identifier: cmd1
enabled: true
user: 'root'
hour: 2
minute: 0
Linux security limits (limit sensu user memory usage to max 1GB):
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
...
limit:
sensu:
enabled: true
domain: sensu
limits:
- type: hard
item: as
value: 1000000
Enable autologin on tty1 (may work only for Ubuntu 14.04):
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
console:
tty1:
autologin: root
# Enable serial console
ttyS0:
autologin: root
rate: 115200
term: xterm
To disable set autologin to `false`.
Set ``policy-rc.d`` on Debian-based systems. Action can be any available
command in ``while true`` loop and ``case`` context.
Following will disallow dpkg to stop/start services for cassandra package automatically:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
policyrcd:
- package: cassandra
action: exit 101
- package: '*'
action: switch
Set system locales:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
locale:
en_US.UTF-8:
default: true
"cs_CZ.UTF-8 UTF-8":
enabled: true
Systemd settings:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
...
systemd:
system:
Manager:
DefaultLimitNOFILE: 307200
DefaultLimitNPROC: 307200
user:
Manager:
DefaultLimitCPU: 2
DefaultLimitNPROC: 4
Ensure presence of directory:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
directory:
/tmp/test:
user: root
group: root
mode: 700
makedirs: true
Ensure presence of file by specifying it's source:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
file:
/tmp/test.txt:
source: http://example.com/test.txt
user: root #optional
group: root #optional
mode: 700 #optional
dir_mode: 700 #optional
encoding: utf-8 #optional
hash: <<hash>> or <<URI to hash>> #optional
makedirs: true #optional
linux:
system:
file:
test.txt:
name: /tmp/test.txt
source: http://example.com/test.txt
Ensure presence of file by specifying it's contents:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
file:
/tmp/test.txt:
contents: |
line1
line2
linux:
system:
file:
/tmp/test.txt:
contents_pillar: linux:network:hostname
linux:
system:
file:
/tmp/test.txt:
contents_grains: motd
Ensure presence of file to be serialized through one of the serializer modules
(see: https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/ref/serializers/all/index.html):
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
file:
/tmp/test.json:
serialize: json
contents:
foo: 1
bar: 'bar'
Kernel
~~~~~~
Install always up to date LTS kernel and headers from Ubuntu trusty:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
kernel:
type: generic
lts: trusty
headers: true
Load kernel modules and add them to `/etc/modules`:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
kernel:
modules:
- nf_conntrack
- tp_smapi
- 8021q
Configure or blacklist kernel modules with additional options to `/etc/modprobe.d` following example
will add `/etc/modprobe.d/nf_conntrack.conf` file with line `options nf_conntrack hashsize=262144`:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
kernel:
module:
nf_conntrack:
option:
hashsize: 262144
Install specific kernel version and ensure all other kernel packages are
not present. Also install extra modules and headers for this kernel:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
kernel:
type: generic
extra: true
headers: true
version: 4.2.0-22
Systcl kernel parameters
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
kernel:
sysctl:
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl: 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time: 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes: 8
Configure kernel boot options:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
kernel:
boot_options:
- elevator=deadline
- spectre_v2=off
- nopti
CPU
~~~
Enable cpufreq governor for every cpu:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
cpu:
governor: performance
CGROUPS
~~~~~~~
Setup linux cgroups:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
cgroup:
enabled: true
group:
ceph_group_1:
controller:
cpu:
shares:
value: 250
cpuacct:
usage:
value: 0
cpuset:
cpus:
value: 1,2,3
memory:
limit_in_bytes:
value: 2G
memsw.limit_in_bytes:
value: 3G
mapping:
subjects:
- '@ceph'
generic_group_1:
controller:
cpu:
shares:
value: 250
cpuacct:
usage:
value: 0
mapping:
subjects:
- '*:firefox'
- 'student:cp'
Shared Libraries
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Set additional shared library to Linux system library path
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
ld:
library:
java:
- /usr/lib/jvm/jre-openjdk/lib/amd64/server
- /opt/java/jre/lib/amd64/server
Certificates
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Add certificate authority into system trusted CA bundle
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
ca_certificates:
mycert: |
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
Sysfs
~~~~~
Install sysfsutils and set sysfs attributes:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
sysfs:
scheduler:
block/sda/queue/scheduler: deadline
power:
mode:
power/state: 0660
owner:
power/state: "root:power"
devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor: powersave
Optional: You can also use list that will ensure order of items.
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
sysfs:
scheduler:
block/sda/queue/scheduler: deadline
power:
- mode:
power/state: 0660
- owner:
power/state: "root:power"
- devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor: powersave
Huge Pages
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Huge Pages give a performance boost to applications that intensively deal
with memory allocation/deallocation by decreasing memory fragmentation.
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
kernel:
hugepages:
small:
size: 2M
count: 107520
mount_point: /mnt/hugepages_2MB
mount: false/true # default is true (mount immediately) / false (just save in the fstab)
large:
default: true # default automatically mounted
size: 1G
count: 210
mount_point: /mnt/hugepages_1GB
Note: not recommended to use both pagesizes in concurrently.
Intel SR-IOV
~~~~~~~~~~~~
PCI-SIG Single Root I/O Virtualization and Sharing (SR-IOV) specification defines a standardized mechanism to virtualize PCIe devices. The mechanism can virtualize a single PCIe Ethernet controller to appear as multiple PCIe devices.
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
kernel:
sriov: True
unsafe_interrupts: False # Default is false. for older platforms and AMD we need to add interrupt remapping workaround
rc:
local: |
#!/bin/sh -e
# Enable 7 VF on eth1
echo 7 > /sys/class/net/eth1/device/sriov_numvfs; sleep 2; ifup -a
exit 0
Isolate CPU options
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Remove the specified CPUs, as defined by the cpu_number values, from the general kernel
SMP balancing and scheduler algroithms. The only way to move a process onto or off an
"isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls. cpu_number begins at 0, so the
maximum value is 1 less than the number of CPUs on the system.
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
kernel:
isolcpu: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 # isolate first cpu 0
Repositories
~~~~~~~~~~~~
RedHat based Linux with additional OpenStack repo
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
...
repo:
rdo-icehouse:
enabled: true
source: 'http://repos.fedorapeople.org/repos/openstack/openstack-icehouse/epel-6/'
pgpcheck: 0
Ensure system repository to use czech Debian mirror (``default: true``)
Also pin it's packages with priority 900.
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
repo:
debian:
default: true
source: "deb http://ftp.cz.debian.org/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free"
# Import signing key from URL if needed
key_url: "http://dummy.com/public.gpg"
pin:
- pin: 'origin "ftp.cz.debian.org"'
priority: 900
package: '*'
.. note:: For old ubuntu releases (<xenial)
extra packages for apt transport, like ``apt-transport-https``
may be required to be installed manually.
(Chicken-eggs problem: we need to install packages to
reach repo from where they should be installed)
Otherwise, you still can try 'fortune' and install prereq.packages before
any repo configuration, using list of requires in map.jinja.
Disabling any prerequirment packages installation:
You can simply drop any package pre-installation (before system.linux.repo
will be processed) via cluster lvl:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
pkgs: ~
Package manager proxy setup globally:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
...
repo:
apt-mk:
source: "deb http://apt-mk.mirantis.com/ stable main salt"
...
proxy:
pkg:
enabled: true
ftp: ftp://ftp-proxy-for-apt.host.local:2121
...
# NOTE: Global defaults for any other componet that configure proxy on the system.
# If your environment has just one simple proxy, set it on linux:system:proxy.
#
# fall back system defaults if linux:system:proxy:pkg has no protocol specific entries
# as for https and http
ftp: ftp://proxy.host.local:2121
http: http://proxy.host.local:3142
https: https://proxy.host.local:3143
Package manager proxy setup per repository:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
...
repo:
debian:
source: "deb http://apt-mk.mirantis.com/ stable main salt"
...
apt-mk:
source: "deb http://apt-mk.mirantis.com/ stable main salt"
# per repository proxy
proxy:
enabled: true
http: http://maas-01:8080
https: http://maas-01:8080
...
proxy:
# package manager fallback defaults
# used if linux:system:repo:apt-mk:proxy has no protocol specific entries
pkg:
enabled: true
ftp: ftp://proxy.host.local:2121
#http: http://proxy.host.local:3142
#https: https://proxy.host.local:3143
...
# global system fallback system defaults
ftp: ftp://proxy.host.local:2121
http: http://proxy.host.local:3142
https: https://proxy.host.local:3143
Remove all repositories:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
purge_repos: true
Refresh repositories metada, after configuration:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
refresh_repos_meta: true
Setup custom apt config options:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
apt:
config:
compression-workaround:
"Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order": "gz"
docker-clean:
"DPkg::Post-Invoke":
- "rm -f /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/*.deb /var/cache/apt/*.bin || true"
"APT::Update::Post-Invoke":
- "rm -f /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/*.deb /var/cache/apt/*.bin || true"
RC
~~
rc.local example
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
rc:
local: |
#!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.
exit 0
Prompt
~~~~~~
Setting prompt is implemented by creating ``/etc/profile.d/prompt.sh``. Every
user can have different prompt.
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
prompt:
root: \\n\\[\\033[0;37m\\]\\D{%y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S} $(hostname -f)\\[\\e[0m\\]\\n\\[\\e[1;31m\\][\\u@\\h:\\w]\\[\\e[0m\\]
default: \\n\\D{%y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S} $(hostname -f)\\n[\\u@\\h:\\w]
On Debian systems to set prompt system-wide it's necessary to remove setting
PS1 in ``/etc/bash.bashrc`` and ``~/.bashrc`` (which comes from
``/etc/skel/.bashrc``). This formula will do this automatically, but will not
touch existing user's ``~/.bashrc`` files except root.
Bash
~~~~
Fix bash configuration to preserve history across sessions (like ZSH does by
default).
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
bash:
preserve_history: true
Login banner message
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/etc/issue is a text file which contains a message or system
identification to be printed before the login prompt. It may contain
various @char and \char sequences, if supported by the getty-type
program employed on the system.
Setting logon banner message is easy:
.. code-block:: yaml
liunx:
system:
banner:
enabled: true
contents: |
UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS TO THIS SYSTEM IS PROHIBITED
You must have explicit, authorized permission to access or configure this
device. Unauthorized attempts and actions to access or use this system may
result in civil and/or criminal penalties.
All activities performed on this system are logged and monitored.
Message of the day
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
``pam_motd`` from package ``libpam-modules`` is used for dynamic messages of the
day. Setting custom motd will cleanup existing ones.
Setting static motd will replace existing ``/etc/motd`` and remove scripts from
``/etc/update-motd.d``.
Setting static motd:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
motd: |
UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS TO THIS SYSTEM IS PROHIBITED
You must have explicit, authorized permission to access or configure this
device. Unauthorized attempts and actions to access or use this system may
result in civil and/or criminal penalties.
All activities performed on this system are logged and monitored.
Setting dynamic motd:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
motd:
- release: |
#!/bin/sh
[ -r /etc/lsb-release ] && . /etc/lsb-release
if [ -z "$DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION" ] && [ -x /usr/bin/lsb_release ]; then
# Fall back to using the very slow lsb_release utility
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION=$(lsb_release -s -d)
fi
printf "Welcome to %s (%s %s %s)\n" "$DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION" "$(uname -o)" "$(uname -r)" "$(uname -m)"
- warning: |
#!/bin/sh
printf "This is [company name] network.\n"
printf "Unauthorized access strictly prohibited.\n"
Services
~~~~~~~~
Stop and disable linux service:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
service:
apt-daily.timer:
status: dead
Possible status is dead (disable service by default), running (enable service by default), enabled, disabled.
Linux with atop service:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
atop:
enabled: true
interval: 20
logpath: "/var/log/atop"
outfile: "/var/log/atop/daily.log"
Linux with mcelog service:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
mcelog:
enabled: true
logging:
syslog: true
syslog_error: true
RHEL / CentOS
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Unfortunately ``update-motd`` is currently not available for RHEL so there's
no native support for dynamic motd.
You can still set static one, only pillar structure differs:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
motd: |
This is [company name] network.
Unauthorized access strictly prohibited.
Haveged
~~~~~~~
If you are running headless server and are low on entropy, it may be a good
idea to setup Haveged.
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
haveged:
enabled: true
Linux network
-------------
Linux with network manager
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
network:
enabled: true
network_manager: true
Linux with default static network interfaces, default gateway interface and DNS servers
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
network:
enabled: true
interface:
eth0:
enabled: true
type: eth
address: 192.168.0.102
netmask: 255.255.255.0
gateway: 192.168.0.1
name_servers:
- 8.8.8.8
- 8.8.4.4
mtu: 1500
Linux with bonded interfaces and disabled NetworkManager
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
network:
enabled: true
interface:
eth0:
type: eth
...
eth1:
type: eth
...
bond0:
enabled: true
type: bond
address: 192.168.0.102
netmask: 255.255.255.0
mtu: 1500
use_in:
- interface: ${linux:interface:eth0}
- interface: ${linux:interface:eth0}
network_manager:
disable: true
Linux with vlan interface_params
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
network:
enabled: true
interface:
vlan69:
type: vlan
use_interfaces:
- interface: ${linux:interface:bond0}
Linux with wireless interface parameters
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
network:
enabled: true
gateway: 10.0.0.1
default_interface: eth0
interface:
wlan0:
type: eth
wireless:
essid: example
key: example_key
security: wpa
priority: 1
Linux networks with routes defined
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
network:
enabled: true
gateway: 10.0.0.1
default_interface: eth0
interface:
eth0:
type: eth
route:
default:
address: 192.168.0.123
netmask: 255.255.255.0
gateway: 192.168.0.1
Native Linux Bridges
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
network:
interface:
eth1:
enabled: true
type: eth
proto: manual
up_cmds:
- ip address add 0/0 dev $IFACE
- ip link set $IFACE up
down_cmds:
- ip link set $IFACE down
br-ex:
enabled: true
type: bridge
address: ${linux:network:host:public_local:address}
netmask: 255.255.255.0
use_interfaces:
- eth1
OpenVswitch Bridges
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
network:
bridge: openvswitch
interface:
eth1:
enabled: true
type: eth
proto: manual
up_cmds:
- ip address add 0/0 dev $IFACE
- ip link set $IFACE up
down_cmds:
- ip link set $IFACE down
br-ex:
enabled: true
type: bridge
address: ${linux:network:host:public_local:address}
netmask: 255.255.255.0
use_interfaces:
- eth1
br-prv:
enabled: true
type: ovs_bridge
mtu: 65000
br-ens7:
enabled: true
name: br-ens7
type: ovs_bridge
proto: manual
mtu: 9000
use_interfaces:
- ens7
patch-br-ens7-br-prv:
enabled: true
name: ens7-prv
ovs_type: ovs_port
type: ovs_port
bridge: br-ens7
port_type: patch
peer: prv-ens7
tag: 109 # [] to unset a tag
mtu: 65000
patch-br-prv-br-ens7:
enabled: true
name: prv-ens7
bridge: br-prv
ovs_type: ovs_port
type: ovs_port
port_type: patch
peer: ens7-prv
tag: 109
mtu: 65000
ens7:
enabled: true
name: ens7
proto: manual
ovs_port_type: OVSPort
type: ovs_port
ovs_bridge: br-ens7
bridge: br-ens7
Debian manual proto interfaces
When you are changing interface proto from static in up state to manual, you
may need to flush ip addresses. For example, if you want to use the interface
and the ip on the bridge. This can be done by setting the ``ipflush_onchange``
to true.
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
network:
interface:
eth1:
enabled: true
type: eth
proto: manual
mtu: 9100
ipflush_onchange: true
Debian static proto interfaces
When you are changing interface proto from dhcp in up state to static, you
may need to flush ip addresses and restart interface to assign ip address from a managed file.
For example, if you want to use the interface and the ip on the bridge.
This can be done by setting the ``ipflush_onchange`` with combination
``restart_on_ipflush`` param set to to true.
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
network:
interface:
eth1:
enabled: true
type: eth
proto: static
address: 10.1.0.22
netmask: 255.255.255.0
ipflush_onchange: true
restart_on_ipflush: true
Concatinating and removing interface files
Debian based distributions have `/etc/network/interfaces.d/` directory, where
you can store configuration of network interfaces in separate files. You can
concatinate the files to the defined destination when needed, this operation
removes the file from the `/etc/network/interfaces.d/`. If you just need to
remove iface files, you can use the `remove_iface_files` key.
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
network:
concat_iface_files:
- src: '/etc/network/interfaces.d/50-cloud-init.cfg'
dst: '/etc/network/interfaces'
remove_iface_files:
- '/etc/network/interfaces.d/90-custom.cfg'
DHCP client configuration
None of the keys is mandatory, include only those you really need. For full list
of available options under send, supersede, prepend, append refer to dhcp-options(5)
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
network:
dhclient:
enabled: true
backoff_cutoff: 15
initial_interval: 10
reboot: 10
retry: 60
select_timeout: 0
timeout: 120
send:
- option: host-name
declaration: "= gethostname()"
supersede:
- option: host-name
declaration: "spaceship"
- option: domain-name
declaration: "domain.home"
#- option: arp-cache-timeout
# declaration: 20
prepend:
- option: domain-name-servers
declaration:
- 8.8.8.8
- 8.8.4.4
- option: domain-search
declaration:
- example.com
- eng.example.com
#append:
#- option: domain-name-servers
# declaration: 127.0.0.1
# ip or subnet to reject dhcp offer from
reject:
- 192.33.137.209
- 10.0.2.0/24
request:
- subnet-mask
- broadcast-address
- time-offset
- routers
- domain-name
- domain-name-servers
- domain-search
- host-name
- dhcp6.name-servers
- dhcp6.domain-search
- dhcp6.fqdn
- dhcp6.sntp-servers
- netbios-name-servers
- netbios-scope
- interface-mtu
- rfc3442-classless-static-routes
- ntp-servers
require:
- subnet-mask
- domain-name-servers
# if per interface configuration required add below
interface:
ens2:
initial_interval: 11
reject:
- 192.33.137.210
ens3:
initial_interval: 12
reject:
- 192.33.137.211
Linux network systemd settings:
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
network:
...
systemd:
link:
10-iface-dmz:
Match:
MACAddress: c8:5b:67:fa:1a:af
OriginalName: eth0
Link:
Name: dmz0
netdev:
20-bridge-dmz:
match:
name: dmz0
network:
mescription: bridge
bridge: br-dmz0
network:
# works with lowercase, keys are by default capitalized
40-dhcp:
match:
name: '*'
network:
DHCP: yes
Configure global environment variables
Use ``/etc/environment`` for static system wide variable assignment after
boot. Variable expansion is frequently not supported.
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
env:
BOB_VARIABLE: Alice
...
BOB_PATH:
- /srv/alice/bin
- /srv/bob/bin
...
ftp_proxy: none
http_proxy: http://global-http-proxy.host.local:8080
https_proxy: ${linux:system:proxy:https}
no_proxy:
- 192.168.0.80
- 192.168.1.80
- .domain.com
- .local
...
# NOTE: global defaults proxy configuration.
proxy:
ftp: ftp://proxy.host.local:2121
http: http://proxy.host.local:3142
https: https://proxy.host.local:3143
noproxy:
- .domain.com
- .local
Configure profile.d scripts
The profile.d scripts are being sourced during .sh execution and support
variable expansion in opposite to /etc/environment global settings in
``/etc/environment``.
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
system:
profile:
locales: |
export LANG=C
export LC_ALL=C
...
vi_flavors.sh: |
export PAGER=view
export EDITOR=vim
alias vi=vim
shell_locales.sh: |
export LANG=en_US
export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
shell_proxies.sh: |
export FTP_PROXY=ftp://127.0.3.3:2121
export NO_PROXY='.local'
Linux with hosts
Parameter purge_hosts will enforce whole /etc/hosts file, removing entries
that are not defined in model except defaults for both IPv4 and IPv6 localhost
and hostname + fqdn.
It's good to use this option if you want to ensure /etc/hosts is always in a
clean state however it's not enabled by default for safety.
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
network:
purge_hosts: true
host:
# No need to define this one if purge_hosts is true
hostname:
address: 127.0.1.1
names:
- ${linux:network:fqdn}
- ${linux:network:hostname}
node1:
address: 192.168.10.200
names:
- node2.domain.com
- service2.domain.com
node2:
address: 192.168.10.201
names:
- node2.domain.com
- service2.domain.com
Linux with hosts collected from mine
In this case all dns records defined within infrastrucuture will be passed to
local hosts records or any DNS server. Only hosts with `grain` parameter to
true will be propagated to the mine.
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
network:
purge_hosts: true
mine_dns_records: true
host:
node1:
address: 192.168.10.200
grain: true
names:
- node2.domain.com
- service2.domain.com
Setup resolv.conf, nameservers, domain and search domains
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
network:
resolv:
dns:
- 8.8.4.4
- 8.8.8.8
domain: my.example.com
search:
- my.example.com
- example.com
options:
- ndots: 5
- timeout: 2
- attempts: 2
setting custom TX queue length for tap interfaces
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
network:
tap_custom_txqueuelen: 10000
DPDK OVS interfaces
**DPDK OVS NIC**
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
network:
bridge: openvswitch
dpdk:
enabled: true
driver: uio/vfio
openvswitch:
pmd_cpu_mask: "0x6"
dpdk_socket_mem: "1024,1024"
dpdk_lcore_mask: "0x400"
memory_channels: 2
interface:
dpkd0:
name: ${_param:dpdk_nic}
pci: 0000:06:00.0
driver: igb_uio/vfio-pci
enabled: true
type: dpdk_ovs_port
n_rxq: 2
pmd_rxq_affinity: "0:1,1:2"
bridge: br-prv
mtu: 9000
br-prv:
enabled: true
type: dpdk_ovs_bridge
**DPDK OVS Bond**
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
network:
bridge: openvswitch
dpdk:
enabled: true
driver: uio/vfio
openvswitch:
pmd_cpu_mask: "0x6"
dpdk_socket_mem: "1024,1024"
dpdk_lcore_mask: "0x400"
memory_channels: 2
interface:
dpdk_second_nic:
name: ${_param:primary_second_nic}
pci: 0000:06:00.0
driver: igb_uio/vfio-pci
bond: dpdkbond0
enabled: true
type: dpdk_ovs_port
n_rxq: 2
pmd_rxq_affinity: "0:1,1:2"
mtu: 9000
dpdk_first_nic:
name: ${_param:primary_first_nic}
pci: 0000:05:00.0
driver: igb_uio/vfio-pci
bond: dpdkbond0
enabled: true
type: dpdk_ovs_port
n_rxq: 2
pmd_rxq_affinity: "0:1,1:2"
mtu: 9000
dpdkbond0:
enabled: true
bridge: br-prv
type: dpdk_ovs_bond
mode: active-backup
br-prv:
enabled: true
type: dpdk_ovs_bridge
**DPDK OVS LACP Bond with vlan tag**
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
network:
bridge: openvswitch
dpdk:
enabled: true
driver: uio
openvswitch:
pmd_cpu_mask: "0x6"
dpdk_socket_mem: "1024,1024"
dpdk_lcore_mask: "0x400"
memory_channels: "2"
interface:
eth3:
enabled: true
type: eth
proto: manual
name: ${_param:tenant_first_nic}
eth4:
enabled: true
type: eth
proto: manual
name: ${_param:tenant_second_nic}
dpdk0:
name: ${_param:tenant_first_nic}
pci: "0000:81:00.0"
driver: igb_uio
bond: bond1
enabled: true
type: dpdk_ovs_port
n_rxq: 2
dpdk1:
name: ${_param:tenant_second_nic}
pci: "0000:81:00.1"
driver: igb_uio
bond: bond1
enabled: true
type: dpdk_ovs_port
n_rxq: 2
bond1:
enabled: true
bridge: br-prv
type: dpdk_ovs_bond
mode: balance-slb
br-prv:
enabled: true
type: dpdk_ovs_bridge
tag: ${_param:tenant_vlan}
address: ${_param:tenant_address}
netmask: ${_param:tenant_network_netmask}
**DPDK OVS bridge for VXLAN**
If VXLAN is used as tenant segmentation then ip address must be set on br-prv
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
network:
...
interface:
br-prv:
enabled: true
type: dpdk_ovs_bridge
address: 192.168.50.0
netmask: 255.255.255.0
tag: 101
mtu: 9000
**DPDK OVS bridge with Linux network interface**
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
network:
...
interface:
eth0:
type: eth
ovs_bridge: br-prv
...
br-prv:
enabled: true
type: dpdk_ovs_bridge
...
Linux storage
-------------
Linux with mounted Samba
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
storage:
enabled: true
mount:
samba1:
- enabled: true
- path: /media/myuser/public/
- device: //192.168.0.1/storage
- file_system: cifs
- options: guest,uid=myuser,iocharset=utf8,file_mode=0777,dir_mode=0777,noperm
NFS mount
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
storage:
enabled: true
mount:
nfs_glance:
enabled: true
path: /var/lib/glance/images
device: 172.16.10.110:/var/nfs/glance
file_system: nfs
opts: rw,sync
File swap configuration
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
storage:
enabled: true
swap:
file:
enabled: true
engine: file
device: /swapfile
size: 1024
Partition swap configuration
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
storage:
enabled: true
swap:
partition:
enabled: true
engine: partition
device: /dev/vg0/swap
LVM group `vg1` with one device and `data` volume mounted into `/mnt/data`
.. code-block:: yaml
parameters:
linux:
storage:
mount:
data:
enabled: true
device: /dev/vg1/data
file_system: ext4
path: /mnt/data
lvm:
vg1:
enabled: true
devices:
- /dev/sdb
volume:
data:
size: 40G
mount: ${linux:storage:mount:data}
Create partitions on disk. Specify size in MB. It expects empty
disk without any existing partitions. (set startsector=1, if you want to start partitions from 2048)
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
storage:
disk:
first_drive:
startsector: 1
name: /dev/loop1
type: gpt
partitions:
- size: 200 #size in MB
type: fat32
- size: 300 #size in MB
mkfs: True
type: xfs
/dev/vda1:
partitions:
- size: 5
type: ext2
- size: 10
type: ext4
Multipath with Fujitsu Eternus DXL
.. code-block:: yaml
parameters:
linux:
storage:
multipath:
enabled: true
blacklist_devices:
- /dev/sda
- /dev/sdb
backends:
- fujitsu_eternus_dxl
Multipath with Hitachi VSP 1000
.. code-block:: yaml
parameters:
linux:
storage:
multipath:
enabled: true
blacklist_devices:
- /dev/sda
- /dev/sdb
backends:
- hitachi_vsp1000
Multipath with IBM Storwize
.. code-block:: yaml
parameters:
linux:
storage:
multipath:
enabled: true
blacklist_devices:
- /dev/sda
- /dev/sdb
backends:
- ibm_storwize
Multipath with multiple backends
.. code-block:: yaml
parameters:
linux:
storage:
multipath:
enabled: true
blacklist_devices:
- /dev/sda
- /dev/sdb
- /dev/sdc
- /dev/sdd
backends:
- ibm_storwize
- fujitsu_eternus_dxl
- hitachi_vsp1000
PAM LDAP integration
.. code-block:: yaml
parameters:
linux:
system:
auth:
enabled: true
mkhomedir:
enabled: true
umask: 0027
ldap:
enabled: true
binddn: cn=bind,ou=service_users,dc=example,dc=com
bindpw: secret
uri: ldap://127.0.0.1
base: ou=users,dc=example,dc=com
ldap_version: 3
pagesize: 65536
referrals: off
filter:
passwd: (&(&(objectClass=person)(uidNumber=*))(unixHomeDirectory=*))
shadow: (&(&(objectClass=person)(uidNumber=*))(unixHomeDirectory=*))
group: (&(objectClass=group)(gidNumber=*))
Disabled multipath (the default setup)
.. code-block:: yaml
parameters:
linux:
storage:
multipath:
enabled: false
Linux with local loopback device
.. code-block:: yaml
linux:
storage:
loopback:
disk1:
file: /srv/disk1
size: 50G
External config generation
--------------------------
You are able to use config support metadata between formulas and only generate
config files for external use, eg. docker, etc.
.. code-block:: yaml
parameters:
linux:
system:
config:
pillar:
jenkins:
master:
home: /srv/volumes/jenkins
approved_scripts:
- method java.net.URL openConnection
credentials:
- type: username_password
scope: global
id: test
desc: Testing credentials
username: test
password: test
Netconsole Remote Kernel Logging
--------------------------------
Netconsole logger could be configured for configfs-enabled kernels
(`CONFIG_NETCONSOLE_DYNAMIC` should be enabled). Configuration applies both in
runtime (if network is already configured), and on-boot after interface
initialization. Notes:
* receiver could be located only in same L3 domain
(or you need to configure gateway MAC manually)
* receiver's MAC is detected only on configuration time
* using broadcast MAC is not recommended
.. code-block:: yaml
parameters:
linux:
system:
netconsole:
enabled: true
port: 514 (optional)
loglevel: debug (optional)
target:
192.168.0.1:
interface: bond0
mac: "ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff" (optional)
Usage
=====
Set mtu of network interface eth0 to 1400
.. code-block:: bash
ip link set dev eth0 mtu 1400
Read more
=========
* https://www.archlinux.org/
* http://askubuntu.com/questions/175172/how-do-i-configure-proxies-in-ubuntu-server-or-minimal-cli-ubuntu
Documentation and Bugs
======================
To learn how to install and update salt-formulas, consult the documentation
available online at:
http://salt-formulas.readthedocs.io/
In the unfortunate event that bugs are discovered, they should be reported to
the appropriate issue tracker. Use Github issue tracker for specific salt
formula:
https://github.com/salt-formulas/salt-formula-linux/issues
For feature requests, bug reports or blueprints affecting entire ecosystem,
use Launchpad salt-formulas project:
https://launchpad.net/salt-formulas
You can also join salt-formulas-users team and subscribe to mailing list:
https://launchpad.net/~salt-formulas-users
Developers wishing to work on the salt-formulas projects should always base
their work on master branch and submit pull request against specific formula.
https://github.com/salt-formulas/salt-formula-linux
Any questions or feedback is always welcome so feel free to join our IRC
channel:
#salt-formulas @ irc.freenode.net