[THRIFT-5871] Add message / container size checking for Rust

Bring the Rust implementation somewhat up to par with the other implementations.
I tried 4-5 different ways to get the "perfect" check but since trait specialization is not yet stable,
I was not able to arrive at a solution I'm happy with (code was either ugly, or had runtime overhead).

So for now, we avoid full message size tracking / more precise limit checking, but this is a strong step
in the right direction.
diff --git a/lib/rs/src/configuration.rs b/lib/rs/src/configuration.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f786f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rs/src/configuration.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+/// Configuration for Thrift protocols.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct TConfiguration {
+    max_message_size: Option<usize>,
+    max_frame_size: Option<usize>,
+    max_recursion_depth: Option<usize>,
+    max_container_size: Option<usize>,
+    max_string_size: Option<usize>,
+}
+
+impl TConfiguration {
+    // this value is used consistently across all Thrift libraries
+    pub const DEFAULT_MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE: usize = 100 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+    // this value is used consistently across all Thrift libraries
+    pub const DEFAULT_MAX_FRAME_SIZE: usize = 16_384_000;
+
+    pub const DEFAULT_RECURSION_LIMIT: usize = 64;
+
+    pub const DEFAULT_CONTAINER_LIMIT: Option<usize> = None;
+
+    pub const DEFAULT_STRING_LIMIT: usize = 100 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+    pub fn no_limits() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            max_message_size: None,
+            max_frame_size: None,
+            max_recursion_depth: None,
+            max_container_size: None,
+            max_string_size: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn max_message_size(&self) -> Option<usize> {
+        self.max_message_size
+    }
+
+    pub fn max_frame_size(&self) -> Option<usize> {
+        self.max_frame_size
+    }
+
+    pub fn max_recursion_depth(&self) -> Option<usize> {
+        self.max_recursion_depth
+    }
+
+    pub fn max_container_size(&self) -> Option<usize> {
+        self.max_container_size
+    }
+
+    pub fn max_string_size(&self) -> Option<usize> {
+        self.max_string_size
+    }
+
+    pub fn builder() -> TConfigurationBuilder {
+        TConfigurationBuilder::default()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for TConfiguration {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            max_message_size: Some(Self::DEFAULT_MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE),
+            max_frame_size: Some(Self::DEFAULT_MAX_FRAME_SIZE),
+            max_recursion_depth: Some(Self::DEFAULT_RECURSION_LIMIT),
+            max_container_size: Self::DEFAULT_CONTAINER_LIMIT,
+            max_string_size: Some(Self::DEFAULT_STRING_LIMIT),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct TConfigurationBuilder {
+    config: TConfiguration,
+}
+
+impl TConfigurationBuilder {
+    pub fn max_message_size(mut self, limit: Option<usize>) -> Self {
+        self.config.max_message_size = limit;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn max_frame_size(mut self, limit: Option<usize>) -> Self {
+        self.config.max_frame_size = limit;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn max_recursion_depth(mut self, limit: Option<usize>) -> Self {
+        self.config.max_recursion_depth = limit;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn max_container_size(mut self, limit: Option<usize>) -> Self {
+        self.config.max_container_size = limit;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn max_string_size(mut self, limit: Option<usize>) -> Self {
+        self.config.max_string_size = limit;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn build(self) -> crate::Result<TConfiguration> {
+        if let (Some(frame_size), Some(message_size)) =
+            (self.config.max_frame_size, self.config.max_message_size)
+        {
+            if frame_size > message_size {
+                // FIXME: This should probably be a different error type.
+                return Err(crate::Error::Application(crate::ApplicationError::new(
+                    crate::ApplicationErrorKind::Unknown,
+                    format!(
+                        "Invalid configuration: max_frame_size ({}) cannot exceed max_message_size ({})",
+                        frame_size, message_size
+                    ),
+                )));
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(self.config)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_custom_configuration_builder() {
+        let config = TConfiguration::builder()
+            .max_message_size(Some(1024))
+            .max_frame_size(Some(512))
+            .max_recursion_depth(Some(10))
+            .max_container_size(Some(100))
+            .max_string_size(Some(256))
+            .build()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(config.max_message_size(), Some(1024));
+        assert_eq!(config.max_frame_size(), Some(512));
+        assert_eq!(config.max_recursion_depth(), Some(10));
+        assert_eq!(config.max_container_size(), Some(100));
+        assert_eq!(config.max_string_size(), Some(256));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_invalid_configuration() {
+        // Test that builder catches invalid configurations
+        let result = TConfiguration::builder()
+            .max_frame_size(Some(1000))
+            .max_message_size(Some(500)) // frame size > message size is invalid
+            .build();
+
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        match result {
+            Err(crate::Error::Application(e)) => {
+                assert!(e.message.contains("max_frame_size"));
+                assert!(e.message.contains("cannot exceed max_message_size"));
+            }
+            _ => panic!("Expected Application error"),
+        }
+    }
+}