THRIFT-5248: Python: Make TSocket.isOpen check if server still connected

Client: py

This is inspired by changes to the Go library (THRIFT-5214) and, by
proxy, this blog post[1]. The idea is that if the other end of the
socket has closed their end of the connection, we can figure that out by
doing a non-blocking read on our socket before we waste time serializing
and sending a message just to find out the socket is closed when we try
to read the response.

[1]: https://github.blog/2020-05-20-three-bugs-in-the-go-mysql-driver/
diff --git a/lib/py/test/test_socket.py b/lib/py/test/test_socket.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95124dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/py/test/test_socket.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import errno
+import unittest
+
+from test_sslsocket import ServerAcceptor
+
+import _import_local_thrift  # noqa
+
+from thrift.transport.TSocket import TServerSocket
+from thrift.transport.TSocket import TSocket
+from thrift.transport.TTransport import TTransportException
+
+
+class TSocketTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_isOpen_checks_for_readability(self):
+        # https://docs.python.org/3/library/socket.html#notes-on-socket-timeouts
+        # https://docs.python.org/3/library/socket.html#socket.socket.settimeout
+        timeouts = [
+            None,  # blocking mode
+            0,  # non-blocking mode
+            1.0,  # timeout mode
+        ]
+
+        for timeout in timeouts:
+            acc = ServerAcceptor(TServerSocket(port=0))
+            acc.start()
+
+            sock = TSocket(host="localhost", port=acc.port)
+            sock.open()
+            sock.setTimeout(timeout)
+
+            # the socket shows as open immediately after connecting
+            self.assertTrue(sock.isOpen())
+
+            # and remains open during usage
+            sock.write(b"hello")
+            self.assertTrue(sock.isOpen())
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    sock.read(5)
+                except TTransportException as exc:
+                    if exc.inner.errno == errno.EAGAIN:
+                        # try again when we're in non-blocking mode
+                        continue
+                    raise
+                break
+            self.assertTrue(sock.isOpen())
+
+            # once the server side closes, it no longer shows open
+            acc.client.close()  # this also blocks until the other thread is done
+            acc.close()
+            self.assertFalse(sock.isOpen())
+
+            sock.close()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()