# Copyright 2012 OpenStack Foundation
# Copyright 2013 IBM Corp.
# All Rights Reserved.
#
#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
#    not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
#    a copy of the License at
#
#         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
#    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
#    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
#    under the License.

import copy
import os
import re
import shutil
import subprocess
import tarfile
import tempfile

import netaddr

from oslo_log import log
from oslo_serialization import jsonutils as json
from oslo_utils import netutils

from tempest.common import compute
from tempest.common.utils.linux import remote_client
from tempest.common.utils import net_utils
from tempest.common import waiters
from tempest import config
from tempest import exceptions
from tempest.lib.common import api_version_utils
from tempest.lib.common.utils import data_utils
from tempest.lib.common.utils import test_utils
from tempest.lib import exceptions as lib_exc
import tempest.test

CONF = config.CONF

LOG = log.getLogger(__name__)

LATEST_MICROVERSION = 'latest'


class ScenarioTest(tempest.test.BaseTestCase):
    """Base class for scenario tests. Uses tempest own clients. """

    credentials = ['primary', 'admin']

    if CONF.compute_feature_enabled.volume_multiattach:
        compute_min_microversion = '2.60'
    else:
        compute_min_microversion = None
    compute_max_microversion = LATEST_MICROVERSION
    volume_min_microversion = None
    volume_max_microversion = LATEST_MICROVERSION
    placement_min_microversion = None
    placement_max_microversion = LATEST_MICROVERSION

    @classmethod
    def skip_checks(cls):
        super(ScenarioTest, cls).skip_checks()
        api_version_utils.check_skip_with_microversion(
            cls.compute_min_microversion, cls.compute_max_microversion,
            CONF.compute.min_microversion, CONF.compute.max_microversion)
        api_version_utils.check_skip_with_microversion(
            cls.volume_min_microversion, cls.volume_max_microversion,
            CONF.volume.min_microversion, CONF.volume.max_microversion)
        api_version_utils.check_skip_with_microversion(
            cls.placement_min_microversion, cls.placement_max_microversion,
            CONF.placement.min_microversion, CONF.placement.max_microversion)

    @classmethod
    def resource_setup(cls):
        super(ScenarioTest, cls).resource_setup()
        cls.compute_request_microversion = (
            api_version_utils.select_request_microversion(
                cls.compute_min_microversion,
                CONF.compute.min_microversion))
        cls.volume_request_microversion = (
            api_version_utils.select_request_microversion(
                cls.volume_min_microversion,
                CONF.volume.min_microversion))
        cls.placement_request_microversion = (
            api_version_utils.select_request_microversion(
                cls.placement_min_microversion,
                CONF.placement.min_microversion))

        cls.setup_api_microversion_fixture(
            compute_microversion=cls.compute_request_microversion,
            volume_microversion=cls.volume_request_microversion,
            placement_microversion=cls.placement_request_microversion)

    @classmethod
    def setup_credentials(cls):
        # Setting network=True, subnet=True creates a default network
        cls.set_network_resources(
            network=True,
            subnet=True,
            router=True,
            dhcp=True)
        super(ScenarioTest, cls).setup_credentials()

    def setup_compute_client(cls):
        """Compute client"""
        cls.compute_images_client = cls.os_primary.compute_images_client
        cls.keypairs_client = cls.os_primary.keypairs_client
        cls.servers_client = cls.os_primary.servers_client
        cls.interface_client = cls.os_primary.interfaces_client
        cls.flavors_client = cls.os_primary.flavors_client

    def setup_network_client(cls):
        """Neutron network client"""
        cls.networks_client = cls.os_primary.networks_client
        cls.ports_client = cls.os_primary.ports_client
        cls.routers_client = cls.os_primary.routers_client
        cls.subnets_client = cls.os_primary.subnets_client
        cls.floating_ips_client = cls.os_primary.floating_ips_client
        cls.security_groups_client = cls.os_primary.security_groups_client
        cls.security_group_rules_client = (
            cls.os_primary.security_group_rules_client)

    @classmethod
    def setup_clients(cls):
        """This setup the service clients for the tests"""
        super(ScenarioTest, cls).setup_clients()
        if CONF.service_available.glance:
            if CONF.image_feature_enabled.api_v2:
                cls.image_client = cls.os_primary.image_client_v2
            else:
                raise lib_exc.InvalidConfiguration(
                    'api_v2 must be True in [image-feature-enabled].')

        cls.setup_compute_client(cls)
        cls.setup_network_client(cls)
        if CONF.service_available.cinder:
            cls.volumes_client = cls.os_primary.volumes_client_latest
            cls.snapshots_client = cls.os_primary.snapshots_client_latest
            cls.backups_client = cls.os_primary.backups_client_latest

    # ## Test functions library
    # The create_[resource] functions only return body and discard the
    # resp part which is not used in scenario tests

    def create_port(self, network_id, client=None, **kwargs):
        """Creates port for the respective network_id

        :param network_id: the id of the network
        :param client: the client to use, defaults to self.ports_client
        :param kwargs: additional arguments such as:
            - namestart - a string to generate a name for the port from
                        - default is self.__class__.__name__
            - 'binding:vnic_type' - defaults to CONF.network.port_vnic_type
            - 'binding:profile' - defaults to CONF.network.port_profile
        """

        if not client:
            client = self.ports_client
        name = data_utils.rand_name(
            prefix=CONF.resource_name_prefix,
            name=kwargs.pop('namestart', self.__class__.__name__))
        if CONF.network.port_vnic_type and 'binding:vnic_type' not in kwargs:
            kwargs['binding:vnic_type'] = CONF.network.port_vnic_type
        if CONF.network.port_profile and 'binding:profile' not in kwargs:
            kwargs['binding:profile'] = CONF.network.port_profile
        result = client.create_port(
            name=name,
            network_id=network_id,
            **kwargs)
        self.assertIsNotNone(result, 'Unable to allocate port')
        port_id = result['port']['id']
        self.addCleanup(test_utils.call_and_ignore_notfound_exc,
                        client.delete_port, port_id)
        port = waiters.wait_for_port_status(
            client=client, port_id=port_id, status="DOWN")
        return port["port"]

    def create_keypair(self, client=None, **kwargs):
        """Creates keypair

        Keypair is a public key of OpenSSH key pair used for accessing
        and create servers
        Keypair can also be created by a private key for the same purpose
        Here, the keys are randomly generated[public/private]
        """
        if not client:
            client = self.keypairs_client
        if not kwargs.get('name'):
            kwargs['name'] = data_utils.rand_name(
                prefix=CONF.resource_name_prefix,
                name=self.__class__.__name__)
        # We don't need to create a keypair by pubkey in scenario
        body = client.create_keypair(**kwargs)
        self.addCleanup(client.delete_keypair, kwargs['name'])
        return body['keypair']

    def create_server(self, name=None, image_id=None, flavor=None,
                      validatable=None, wait_until='ACTIVE',
                      clients=None, **kwargs):
        """Wrapper utility that returns a test server.

        This wrapper utility calls the common create test server and
        returns a test server. The purpose of this wrapper is to minimize
        the impact on the code of the tests already using this
        function.

        :param **kwargs:
            See extra parameters below

        :Keyword Arguments:
            * *vnic_type* (``string``) --
              used when launching instances with pre-configured ports.
              Examples:
                normal: a traditional virtual port that is either attached
                        to a linux bridge or an openvswitch bridge on a
                        compute node.
                direct: an SR-IOV port that is directly attached to a VM
                macvtap: an SR-IOV port that is attached to a VM via a macvtap
                         device.
                direct-physical: an SR-IOV port that is directly attached to a
                                 VM using physical instead of virtual
                                 functions.
                baremetal: a baremetal port directly attached to a baremetal
                           node.
                virtio-forwarder:  an SR-IOV port that is indirectly attached
                                   to a VM using a low-latency vhost-user
                                   forwarding process.
              Defaults to ``CONF.network.port_vnic_type``.
            * *port_profile* (``dict``) --
              This attribute is a dictionary that can be used (with admin
              credentials) to supply information influencing the binding of
              the port.
              example: port_profile = "capabilities:[switchdev]"
              Defaults to ``CONF.network.port_profile``.
            * *create_port_body* (``dict``) --
              This attribute is a dictionary of additional arguments to be
              passed to create_port method.
        """

        # NOTE(jlanoux): As a first step, ssh checks in the scenario
        # tests need to be run regardless of the run_validation and
        # validatable parameters and thus until the ssh validation job
        # becomes voting in CI. The test resources management and IP
        # association are taken care of in the scenario tests.
        # Therefore, the validatable parameter is set to false in all
        # those tests. In this way create_server just return a standard
        # server and the scenario tests always perform ssh checks.

        # Needed for the cross_tenant_traffic test:
        if clients is None:
            clients = self.os_primary

        if name is None:
            name = data_utils.rand_name(
                prefix=CONF.resource_name_prefix,
                name=self.__class__.__name__ + "-server")

        vnic_type = kwargs.pop('vnic_type', CONF.network.port_vnic_type)
        profile = kwargs.pop('port_profile', CONF.network.port_profile)

        # If vnic_type or profile are configured create port for
        # every network
        if vnic_type or profile:
            ports = []
            create_port_body = kwargs.pop('create_port_body', {})

            if vnic_type:
                create_port_body['binding:vnic_type'] = vnic_type

            if profile:
                create_port_body['binding:profile'] = profile

            if kwargs:
                # Convert security group names to security group ids
                # to pass to create_port
                if 'security_groups' in kwargs:
                    security_groups = \
                        clients.security_groups_client.list_security_groups(
                        ).get('security_groups')
                    sec_dict = dict([(s['name'], s['id'])
                                     for s in security_groups])

                    sec_groups_names = [s['name'] for s in kwargs.pop(
                        'security_groups')]
                    security_groups_ids = [sec_dict[s]
                                           for s in sec_groups_names]

                    if security_groups_ids:
                        create_port_body[
                            'security_groups'] = security_groups_ids
                networks = kwargs.pop('networks', [])
            else:
                networks = []

            # If there are no networks passed to us we look up
            # for the project's private networks and create a port.
            # The same behaviour as we would expect when passing
            # the call to the clients with no networks
            if not networks:
                networks = clients.networks_client.list_networks(
                    **{'router:external': False, 'fields': 'id'})['networks']

            # It's net['uuid'] if networks come from kwargs
            # and net['id'] if they come from
            # clients.networks_client.list_networks
            for net in networks:
                net_id = net.get('uuid', net.get('id'))
                if 'port' not in net:
                    port = self.create_port(network_id=net_id,
                                            client=clients.ports_client,
                                            **create_port_body)
                    ports.append({'port': port['id']})
                else:
                    ports.append({'port': net['port']})
            if ports:
                kwargs['networks'] = ports
            self.ports = ports

        tenant_network = self.get_tenant_network()

        if CONF.compute.compute_volume_common_az:
            kwargs.setdefault('availability_zone',
                              CONF.compute.compute_volume_common_az)

        kwargs['validatable'] = bool(validatable)
        keypair = kwargs.pop('keypair', None)
        if wait_until == 'SSHABLE' and (
                kwargs.get('validation_resources') is None):
            # NOTE(danms): We should do this whether valdiation is enabled or
            # not to consistently provide the resources to the
            # create_test_server() function. If validation is disabled, then
            # get_test_validation_resources() is basically a no-op for
            # performance.
            validation_resources = self.get_test_validation_resources(
                self.os_primary)
            if keypair:
                validation_resources = copy.deepcopy(validation_resources)
                validation_resources.update(
                    keypair=keypair)
            kwargs.update({
                'validatable': (validatable if validatable is not None
                                else True),
                'validation_resources': validation_resources})
        if keypair:
            kwargs.update({'key_name': keypair['name']})

        body, _ = compute.create_test_server(
            clients,
            tenant_network=tenant_network,
            wait_until=wait_until,
            name=name, flavor=flavor,
            image_id=image_id, **kwargs)

        self.addCleanup(waiters.wait_for_server_termination,
                        clients.servers_client, body['id'])
        self.addCleanup(test_utils.call_and_ignore_notfound_exc,
                        clients.servers_client.delete_server, body['id'])
        server = clients.servers_client.show_server(body['id'])['server']
        return server

    def create_volume(self, size=None, name=None, snapshot_id=None,
                      imageRef=None, volume_type=None, wait_until='available',
                      client=None, **kwargs):
        """Creates volume

        This wrapper utility creates volume and waits for volume to be
        in 'available' state by default. If wait_until is None, means no wait.
        This method returns the volume's full representation by GET request.
        """
        if client is None:
            client = self.volumes_client

        if size is None:
            size = CONF.volume.volume_size
        if imageRef:
            image = self.image_client.show_image(imageRef)
            min_disk = image.get('min_disk')
            size = max(size, min_disk)
        if name is None:
            name = data_utils.rand_name(
                prefix=CONF.resource_name_prefix,
                name=self.__class__.__name__ + "-volume")
        kwargs.update({'name': name,
                       'snapshot_id': snapshot_id,
                       'imageRef': imageRef,
                       'volume_type': volume_type,
                       'size': size})

        if CONF.compute.compute_volume_common_az:
            kwargs.setdefault('availability_zone',
                              CONF.compute.compute_volume_common_az)

        volume = client.create_volume(**kwargs)['volume']

        self.addCleanup(client.wait_for_resource_deletion,
                        volume['id'])
        self.addCleanup(test_utils.call_and_ignore_notfound_exc,
                        client.delete_volume, volume['id'])
        self.assertEqual(name, volume['name'])
        if wait_until:
            waiters.wait_for_volume_resource_status(client,
                                                    volume['id'], wait_until)
            # The volume retrieved on creation has a non-up-to-date status.
            # Retrieval after it becomes active ensures correct details.
            volume = client.show_volume(volume['id'])['volume']

        return volume

    def create_backup(self, volume_id, name=None, description=None,
                      force=False, snapshot_id=None, incremental=False,
                      container=None, **kwargs):
        """Creates a backup of the given volume_id or snapshot_id

        This wrapper utility creates a backup and waits until it is in
       'available' state.

        :param volume_id: UUID of the volume to back up
        :param name: backup name, '$classname-backup' by default
        :param description: Description of the backup, None by default
        :param force: boolean whether to backup even if the volume is attached
            False by default
        :param snapshot_id: UUID of the source snapshot to back up
            None by default
        :param incremental: boolean, False by default
        :param container: a container name, None by default
        :param **kwargs: additional parameters per the documentation:
            https://docs.openstack.org/api-ref/block-storage/v3/
            #create-a-backup
        """

        name = name or data_utils.rand_name(
            prefix=CONF.resource_name_prefix,
            name=self.__class__.__name__ + "-backup")
        args = {'name': name,
                'description': description,
                'force': force,
                'snapshot_id': snapshot_id,
                'incremental': incremental,
                'container': container}
        args.update(kwargs)
        backup = self.backups_client.create_backup(volume_id=volume_id,
                                                   **args)['backup']
        self.addCleanup(self.backups_client.delete_backup, backup['id'])
        waiters.wait_for_volume_resource_status(self.backups_client,
                                                backup['id'], 'available')
        return backup

    def restore_backup(self, backup_id, **kwargs):
        """Restores a backup given by the backup_id

        This wrapper utility restores a backup and waits until it is in
        'available' state.

        :param backup_id: UUID of a backup to restore
        :param **kwargs: additional parameters per the documentation:
            https://docs.openstack.org/api-ref/block-storage/v3/
            #restore-a-backup
        """

        body = self.backups_client.restore_backup(backup_id, **kwargs)
        restore = body['restore']

        using_pre_existing_volume = kwargs.get('volume_id', False)
        if not using_pre_existing_volume:
            self.addCleanup(self.volumes_client.delete_volume,
                            restore['volume_id'])

        waiters.wait_for_volume_resource_status(self.backups_client,
                                                backup_id, 'available')
        waiters.wait_for_volume_resource_status(self.volumes_client,
                                                restore['volume_id'],
                                                'available')
        self.assertEqual(backup_id, restore['backup_id'])
        return restore

    def rebuild_server(self, server_id, image=None, preserve_ephemeral=False,
                       wait=True, **kwargs):
        if image is None:
            image = CONF.compute.image_ref
        LOG.debug("Rebuilding server (id: %s, image: %s, preserve eph: %s)",
                  server_id, image, preserve_ephemeral)
        self.servers_client.rebuild_server(
            server_id=server_id,
            image_ref=image,
            preserve_ephemeral=preserve_ephemeral,
            **kwargs)
        if wait:
            waiters.wait_for_server_status(self.servers_client,
                                           server_id, 'ACTIVE')

    def create_volume_snapshot(self, volume_id, name=None, description=None,
                               metadata=None, force=False, **kwargs):
        """Creates volume's snapshot

        This wrapper utility creates volume snapshot and waits for it until
        it is in 'available' state.

        :param volume_id: UUID of a volume to create snapshot of
        :param name: name of the snapshot, '$classname-snapshot' by default
        :param description: description of the snapshot
        :param metadata: metadata key and value pairs for the snapshot
        :param force: whether snapshot even when the volume is attached
        :param **kwargs: additional parameters per the doc
            https://docs.openstack.org/api-ref/block-storage/v3/
            #create-a-snapshot
        """

        name = name or data_utils.rand_name(
            prefix=CONF.resource_name_prefix,
            name=self.__class__.__name__ + '-snapshot')
        snapshot = self.snapshots_client.create_snapshot(
            volume_id=volume_id,
            force=force,
            name=name,
            description=description,
            metadata=metadata,
            **kwargs)['snapshot']

        self.addCleanup(self.snapshots_client.wait_for_resource_deletion,
                        snapshot['id'])
        self.addCleanup(test_utils.call_and_ignore_notfound_exc,
                        self.snapshots_client.delete_snapshot, snapshot['id'])
        waiters.wait_for_volume_resource_status(self.snapshots_client,
                                                snapshot['id'], 'available')
        snapshot = self.snapshots_client.show_snapshot(
            snapshot['id'])['snapshot']
        return snapshot

    def cleanup_volume_type(self, volume_type):
        """Clean up a given volume type.

        Ensuring all volumes associated to a type are first removed before
        attempting to remove the type itself. This includes any image volume
        cache volumes stored in a separate tenant to the original volumes
        created from the type.
        """
        admin_volume_type_client = self.os_admin.volume_types_client_latest
        admin_volumes_client = self.os_admin.volumes_client_latest
        volumes = admin_volumes_client.list_volumes(
            detail=True, params={'all_tenants': 1})['volumes']
        type_name = volume_type['name']
        for volume in [v for v in volumes if v['volume_type'] == type_name]:
            test_utils.call_and_ignore_notfound_exc(
                admin_volumes_client.delete_volume, volume['id'])
            admin_volumes_client.wait_for_resource_deletion(volume['id'])
        admin_volume_type_client.delete_volume_type(volume_type['id'])

    def create_volume_type(self, client=None, name=None, backend_name=None,
                           **kwargs):
        """Creates volume type

        In a multiple-storage back-end configuration,
        each back end has a name (volume_backend_name).
        The name of the back end is declared as an extra-specification
        of a volume type (such as, volume_backend_name=LVM).
        When a volume is created, the scheduler chooses an
        appropriate back end to handle the request, according
        to the volume type specified by the user.
        The scheduler uses volume types to explicitly create volumes on
        specific back ends.

        Before using volume type, a volume type has to be declared
        to Block Storage. In addition to that, an extra-specification
        has to be created to link the volume type to a back end name.
        """

        if not client:
            client = self.os_admin.volume_types_client_latest
        if not name:
            class_name = self.__class__.__name__
            name = data_utils.rand_name(
                prefix=CONF.resource_name_prefix,
                name=class_name + '-volume-type')
        randomized_name = data_utils.rand_name(
            prefix=CONF.resource_name_prefix, name='scenario-type-' + name)

        LOG.debug("Creating a volume type: %s on backend %s",
                  randomized_name, backend_name)
        extra_specs = kwargs.pop("extra_specs", {})
        if backend_name:
            extra_specs.update({"volume_backend_name": backend_name})

        volume_type_resp = client.create_volume_type(
            name=randomized_name, extra_specs=extra_specs, **kwargs)
        volume_type = volume_type_resp['volume_type']

        self.assertIn('id', volume_type)
        self.addCleanup(self.cleanup_volume_type, volume_type)
        return volume_type

    def create_security_group(self, security_group_rules_client=None,
                              project_id=None,
                              namestart='secgroup-smoke',
                              security_groups_client=None):
        if security_group_rules_client is None:
            security_group_rules_client = self.security_group_rules_client
        if security_groups_client is None:
            security_groups_client = self.security_groups_client
        if project_id is None:
            project_id = security_groups_client.project_id
        secgroup = self.create_empty_security_group(
            namestart=namestart, client=security_groups_client,
            project_id=project_id)

        # Add rules to the security group
        rules = self.create_loginable_secgroup_rule(
            security_group_rules_client=security_group_rules_client,
            secgroup=secgroup,
            security_groups_client=security_groups_client)
        for rule in rules:
            self.assertEqual(project_id, rule['project_id'])
            self.assertEqual(secgroup['id'], rule['security_group_id'])
        return secgroup

    def create_empty_security_group(self, client=None, project_id=None,
                                    namestart='secgroup-smoke'):
        """Create a security group without rules.

        Default rules will be created:
         - IPv4 egress to any
         - IPv6 egress to any
        :param project_id: secgroup will be created in this project
        :returns: the created security group
        """

        if client is None:
            client = self.security_groups_client
        if not project_id:
            project_id = client.project_id
        sg_name = data_utils.rand_name(
            prefix=CONF.resource_name_prefix, name=namestart)
        sg_desc = sg_name + " description"
        sg_dict = dict(name=sg_name,
                       description=sg_desc)
        sg_dict['project_id'] = project_id
        result = client.create_security_group(**sg_dict)

        secgroup = result['security_group']
        self.assertEqual(secgroup['name'], sg_name)
        self.assertEqual(project_id, secgroup['project_id'])
        self.assertEqual(secgroup['description'], sg_desc)

        self.addCleanup(test_utils.call_and_ignore_notfound_exc,
                        client.delete_security_group, secgroup['id'])
        return secgroup

    def create_security_group_rule(self, secgroup=None,
                                   sec_group_rules_client=None,
                                   project_id=None,
                                   security_groups_client=None, **kwargs):
        """Create a rule from a dictionary of rule parameters.

        Create a rule in a secgroup. if secgroup not defined will search for
        default secgroup in project_id.
        :param secgroup: the security group.
        :param project_id: if secgroup not passed -- the tenant in which to
            search for default secgroup
        :param kwargs: a dictionary containing rule parameters:
            for example, to allow incoming ssh:
            rule = {
                    direction: 'ingress'
                    protocol:'tcp',
                    port_range_min: 22,
                    port_range_max: 22
                    }
        """

        if sec_group_rules_client is None:
            sec_group_rules_client = self.security_group_rules_client
        if security_groups_client is None:
            security_groups_client = self.security_groups_client
        if not project_id:
            project_id = security_groups_client.project_id
        if secgroup is None:
            # Get default secgroup for project_id
            default_secgroups = security_groups_client.list_security_groups(
                name='default', project_id=project_id)['security_groups']
            msg = "No default security group for project %s." % (project_id)
            self.assertNotEmpty(default_secgroups, msg)
            secgroup = default_secgroups[0]

        ruleset = dict(security_group_id=secgroup['id'],
                       project_id=secgroup['project_id'])
        ruleset.update(kwargs)

        sg_rule = sec_group_rules_client.create_security_group_rule(**ruleset)
        sg_rule = sg_rule['security_group_rule']

        self.assertEqual(secgroup['tenant_id'], sg_rule['tenant_id'])
        self.assertEqual(secgroup['id'], sg_rule['security_group_id'])

        return sg_rule

    def create_loginable_secgroup_rule(self, security_group_rules_client=None,
                                       secgroup=None,
                                       security_groups_client=None,
                                       rulesets=None):
        """Create loginable security group rule by neutron clients by default.

        This function will create:
        1. egress and ingress tcp port 22 allow rule in order to allow ssh
        access for ipv4.
        2. egress and ingress ipv6 icmp allow rule, in order to allow icmpv6.
        3. egress and ingress ipv4 icmp allow rule, in order to allow icmpv4.
        """

        if security_group_rules_client is None:
            security_group_rules_client = self.security_group_rules_client
        if security_groups_client is None:
            security_groups_client = self.security_groups_client
        if rulesets is None:
            rulesets = [
                dict(
                    # ssh
                    protocol='tcp',
                    port_range_min=22,
                    port_range_max=22,
                ),
                dict(
                    # ping
                    protocol='icmp',
                ),
                dict(
                    # ipv6-icmp for ping6
                    protocol='icmp',
                    ethertype='IPv6',
                )
            ]

        rules = []
        sec_group_rules_client = security_group_rules_client
        for ruleset in rulesets:
            for r_direction in ['ingress', 'egress']:
                ruleset['direction'] = r_direction
                try:
                    sg_rule = self.create_security_group_rule(
                        sec_group_rules_client=sec_group_rules_client,
                        secgroup=secgroup,
                        security_groups_client=security_groups_client,
                        **ruleset)
                except lib_exc.Conflict as ex:
                    # if rule already exist - skip rule and continue
                    msg = 'Security group rule already exists'
                    if msg not in ex._error_string:
                        raise ex
                else:
                    self.assertEqual(r_direction, sg_rule['direction'])
                    rules.append(sg_rule)

        return rules

    def create_and_add_security_group_to_server(self, server):
        """Create a security group and add it to the server.

        :param server: The server to add the security group to.
        :return: The security group was added to the server.
        """

        secgroup = self.create_security_group()
        self.servers_client.add_security_group(server['id'],
                                               name=secgroup['name'])
        self.addCleanup(self.servers_client.remove_security_group,
                        server['id'], name=secgroup['name'])

        def wait_for_secgroup_add():
            body = (self.servers_client.show_server(server['id'])
                    ['server'])
            return {'name': secgroup['name']} in body['security_groups']

        if not test_utils.call_until_true(wait_for_secgroup_add,
                                          CONF.compute.build_timeout,
                                          CONF.compute.build_interval):
            msg = ('Timed out waiting for adding security group %s to server '
                   '%s' % (secgroup['id'], server['id']))
            raise lib_exc.TimeoutException(msg)

    def get_remote_client(self, ip_address, username=None, private_key=None,
                          server=None):
        """Get a SSH client to a remote server

        :param ip_address: the server floating or fixed IP address to use
                           for ssh validation
        :param username: name of the Linux account on the remote server
        :param private_key: the SSH private key to use
        :param server: server dict, used for debugging purposes
        :return: a RemoteClient object
        """

        if username is None:
            username = CONF.validation.image_ssh_user
        # Set this with 'keypair' or others to log in with keypair or
        # username/password.
        if CONF.validation.auth_method == 'keypair':
            password = None
            if private_key is None:
                private_key = self.keypair['private_key']
        else:
            password = CONF.validation.image_ssh_password
            private_key = None
        linux_client = remote_client.RemoteClient(
            ip_address, username, pkey=private_key, password=password,
            server=server, servers_client=self.servers_client)
        try:
            linux_client.validate_authentication()
        except Exception as e:
            message = ('Initializing SSH connection to %(ip)s failed. '
                       'Error: %(error)s' % {'ip': ip_address,
                                             'error': e})
            caller = test_utils.find_test_caller()
            if caller:
                message = '(%s) %s' % (caller, message)
            LOG.exception(message)
            servers = (server,) if server else None
            self.log_console_output(servers=servers)
            raise

        return linux_client

    def image_create(self, name='scenario-img', **kwargs):
        img_path = CONF.scenario.img_file
        if not os.path.exists(img_path):
            lib_exc.InvalidConfiguration(
                'Starting Tempest 25.0.0 release, CONF.scenario.img_file need '
                'a full path for the image. CONF.scenario.img_dir was '
                'deprecated and will be removed in the next release. Till '
                'Tempest 25.0.0, old behavior was maintained and kept working '
                'but starting Tempest 26.0.0, you need to specify the full '
                'path in CONF.scenario.img_file config option.')
        img_container_format = CONF.scenario.img_container_format
        img_disk_format = CONF.scenario.img_disk_format
        img_properties = CONF.scenario.img_properties
        LOG.debug("paths: img: %s, container_format: %s, disk_format: %s, "
                  "properties: %s",
                  img_path, img_container_format, img_disk_format,
                  img_properties)
        if img_properties is None:
            img_properties = {}
        name = data_utils.rand_name(
            prefix=CONF.resource_name_prefix, name='%s-' % name)
        params = {
            'name': name,
            'container_format': img_container_format,
            'disk_format': img_disk_format or img_container_format,
            'visibility': 'private'
        }
        # Additional properties are flattened out in the v2 API.
        if img_properties:
            params.update(img_properties)
        params.update(kwargs)

        # This code is basically copying the devstack code that extracts and
        # uploads split kernel/ramdisk images.
        if tarfile.is_tarfile(img_path):
            extract_dir = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), 'images', name)
            self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, extract_dir)
            os.makedirs(extract_dir)
            with tarfile.open(img_path) as tar:
                tar.extractall(extract_dir, filter='data')
            filenames = os.listdir(extract_dir)
            for fname in filenames:
                if re.search(r'(.*-vmlinuz.*|aki-.*/image$)', fname):
                    kernel_img_path = os.path.join(extract_dir, fname)
                elif re.search(r'(.*-initrd.*|ari-.*/image$)', fname):
                    ramdisk_img_path = os.path.join(extract_dir, fname)
                elif re.search(r'(.*\\.img$|ami-.*/image$)', fname):
                    img_path = os.path.join(extract_dir, fname)
            # Create the kernel image.
            kparams = {
                'name': name + '-kernel',
                'container_format': 'aki',
                'disk_format': 'aki',
                'visibility': 'private'
            }
            body = self.image_client.create_image(**kparams)
            image = body['image'] if 'image' in body else body
            kernel_id = image['id']
            self.addCleanup(self.image_client.delete_image, kernel_id)
            self.assertEqual("queued", image['status'])
            with open(kernel_img_path, 'rb') as image_file:
                self.image_client.store_image_file(kernel_id, image_file)
            LOG.debug("image:%s", kernel_id)
            # Create the ramdisk image.
            rparams = {
                'name': name + '-ramdisk',
                'container_format': 'ari',
                'disk_format': 'ari',
                'visibility': 'private'
            }
            body = self.image_client.create_image(**rparams)
            image = body['image'] if 'image' in body else body
            ramdisk_id = image['id']
            self.addCleanup(self.image_client.delete_image, ramdisk_id)
            self.assertEqual("queued", image['status'])
            with open(ramdisk_img_path, 'rb') as image_file:
                self.image_client.store_image_file(ramdisk_id, image_file)
            LOG.debug("image:%s", ramdisk_id)
            # Set the kernel_id, ramdisk_id, container format, disk format for
            # the split image.
            params['kernel_id'] = kernel_id
            params['ramdisk_id'] = ramdisk_id
            params['container_format'] = 'ami'
            params['disk_format'] = 'ami'

        body = self.image_client.create_image(**params)
        image = body['image'] if 'image' in body else body
        self.addCleanup(self.image_client.delete_image, image['id'])
        self.assertEqual("queued", image['status'])
        with open(img_path, 'rb') as image_file:
            self.image_client.store_image_file(image['id'], image_file)
        LOG.debug("image:%s", image['id'])
        return image['id']

    def log_console_output(self, servers=None, client=None, **kwargs):
        """Console log output"""
        if not CONF.compute_feature_enabled.console_output:
            LOG.debug('Console output not supported, cannot log')
            return
        client = client or self.servers_client
        if not servers:
            servers = client.list_servers()
            servers = servers['servers']
        for server in servers:
            try:
                console_output = client.get_console_output(
                    server['id'], **kwargs)['output']
                LOG.debug('Console output for %s\nbody=\n%s',
                          server['id'], console_output)
            except lib_exc.NotFound:
                LOG.debug("Server %s disappeared(deleted) while looking "
                          "for the console log", server['id'])

    def _log_net_info(self, exc):
        """network debug is called as part of ssh init"""
        if not isinstance(exc, lib_exc.SSHTimeout):
            LOG.debug('Network information on a devstack host')

    def get_snapshot_id(self, bdms):
        if isinstance(bdms, str):
            bdms = json.loads(bdms)
        snapshot_id = None
        for bdm in bdms:
            # Look for the block device mapping that actually has a
            # snapshot. If the server has ephemeral or swap disk, their
            # block device mappings will be present with snapshot_id = None
            if 'snapshot_id' in bdm and bdm['snapshot_id'] is not None:
                snapshot_id = bdm['snapshot_id']
                break
        return snapshot_id

    def create_server_snapshot(self, server, name=None, **kwargs):
        """Creates server snapshot"""
        # Glance client
        _image_client = self.image_client
        # Compute client
        _images_client = self.compute_images_client
        if name is None:
            name = data_utils.rand_name(
                prefix=CONF.resource_name_prefix,
                name=self.__class__.__name__ + 'snapshot')
        LOG.debug("Creating a snapshot image for server: %s", server['name'])
        image = _images_client.create_image(server['id'], name=name, **kwargs)
        # microversion 2.45 and above returns image_id
        image_id = image.get('image_id') or image.response['location'].split(
            'images/')[1]
        waiters.wait_for_image_status(_image_client, image_id, 'active')

        self.addCleanup(_image_client.wait_for_resource_deletion,
                        image_id)
        self.addCleanup(test_utils.call_and_ignore_notfound_exc,
                        _image_client.delete_image, image_id)

        # In glance v2 the additional properties are flattened.
        snapshot_image = _image_client.show_image(image_id)
        image_props = snapshot_image

        bdms = image_props.get('block_device_mapping')
        if bdms:
            snapshot_id = self.get_snapshot_id(bdms)
            self.assertIsNotNone(snapshot_id)
            self.addCleanup(
                self.snapshots_client.wait_for_resource_deletion,
                snapshot_id)
            self.addCleanup(test_utils.call_and_ignore_notfound_exc,
                            self.snapshots_client.delete_snapshot,
                            snapshot_id)
            waiters.wait_for_volume_resource_status(
                self.snapshots_client, snapshot_id, 'available')

        image_name = snapshot_image['name']
        self.assertEqual(name, image_name)
        LOG.debug("Created snapshot image %s for server %s",
                  image_name, server['name'])
        return snapshot_image

    def nova_volume_attach(self, server, volume_to_attach,
                           volumes_client=None, servers_client=None,
                           **kwargs):
        """Compute volume attach

        This utility attaches volume from compute and waits for the
        volume status to be 'in-use' state.
        """
        if volumes_client is None:
            volumes_client = self.volumes_client
        if servers_client is None:
            servers_client = self.servers_client

        volume = servers_client.attach_volume(
            server['id'], volumeId=volume_to_attach['id'],
            **kwargs)['volumeAttachment']
        self.assertEqual(volume_to_attach['id'], volume['id'])
        waiters.wait_for_volume_resource_status(volumes_client,
                                                volume['id'], 'in-use')
        self.addCleanup(test_utils.call_and_ignore_notfound_exc,
                        self.nova_volume_detach, server, volume,
                        servers_client)
        # Return the updated volume after the attachment
        return volumes_client.show_volume(volume['id'])['volume']

    def nova_volume_detach(self, server, volume, servers_client=None):
        """Compute volume detach

        This utility detaches the volume from the server and checks whether the
        volume attachment has been removed from Nova.
        """
        if servers_client is None:
            servers_client = self.servers_client

        servers_client.detach_volume(server['id'], volume['id'])
        waiters.wait_for_volume_attachment_remove_from_server(
            servers_client, server['id'], volume['id'])

    def ping_ip_address(self, ip_address, should_succeed=True,
                        ping_timeout=None, mtu=None, server=None):
        """ping ip address"""
        timeout = ping_timeout or CONF.validation.ping_timeout
        cmd = ['ping', '-c1', '-w1']

        if mtu:
            cmd += [
                # don't fragment
                '-M', 'do',
                # ping receives just the size of ICMP payload
                '-s', str(net_utils.get_ping_payload_size(mtu, 4))
            ]
        cmd.append(ip_address)

        def ping():
            proc = subprocess.Popen(cmd,
                                    stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                    stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
            proc.communicate()

            return (proc.returncode == 0) == should_succeed

        caller = test_utils.find_test_caller()
        LOG.debug('%(caller)s begins to ping %(ip)s in %(timeout)s sec and the'
                  ' expected result is %(should_succeed)s', {
                      'caller': caller, 'ip': ip_address, 'timeout': timeout,
                      'should_succeed':
                      'reachable' if should_succeed else 'unreachable'
                  })
        result = test_utils.call_until_true(ping, timeout, 1)
        LOG.debug('%(caller)s finishes ping %(ip)s in %(timeout)s sec and the '
                  'ping result is %(result)s', {
                      'caller': caller, 'ip': ip_address, 'timeout': timeout,
                      'result': 'expected' if result else 'unexpected'
                  })
        if server:
            self.log_console_output([server])
        return result

    def check_vm_connectivity(self, ip_address,
                              username=None,
                              private_key=None,
                              should_connect=True,
                              extra_msg="",
                              server=None,
                              mtu=None):
        """Check server connectivity

        :param ip_address: server to test against
        :param username: server's ssh username
        :param private_key: server's ssh private key to be used
        :param should_connect: True/False indicates positive/negative test
            positive - attempt ping and ssh
            negative - attempt ping and fail if succeed
        :param extra_msg: Message to help with debugging if ``ping_ip_address``
            fails
        :param server: The server whose console to log for debugging
        :param mtu: network MTU to use for connectivity validation

        :raises: AssertError if the result of the connectivity check does
            not match the value of the should_connect param
        """

        LOG.debug('checking network connections to IP %s with user: %s',
                  ip_address, username)
        if should_connect:
            msg = "Timed out waiting for %s to become reachable" % ip_address
        else:
            msg = "ip address %s is reachable" % ip_address
        if extra_msg:
            msg = "%s\n%s" % (extra_msg, msg)
        self.assertTrue(self.ping_ip_address(ip_address,
                                             should_succeed=should_connect,
                                             mtu=mtu, server=server),
                        msg=msg)
        if should_connect:
            # no need to check ssh for negative connectivity
            try:
                self.get_remote_client(ip_address, username, private_key,
                                       server=server)
            except Exception:
                if not extra_msg:
                    extra_msg = 'Failed to ssh to %s' % ip_address
                LOG.exception(extra_msg)
                raise

    def get_server_port_id_and_ip4(self, server, ip_addr=None, **kwargs):

        if ip_addr and not kwargs.get('fixed_ips'):
            kwargs['fixed_ips'] = 'ip_address=%s' % ip_addr

        # A port can have more than one IP address in some cases.
        # If the network is dual-stack (IPv4 + IPv6), this port is associated
        # with 2 subnets

        def _is_active(port):
            # NOTE(vsaienko) With Ironic, instances live on separate hardware
            # servers. Neutron does not bind ports for Ironic instances, as a
            # result the port remains in the DOWN state. This has been fixed
            # with the introduction of the networking-baremetal plugin but
            # it's not mandatory (and is not used on all stable branches).
            return (port['status'] == 'ACTIVE' or
                    port.get('binding:vnic_type') == 'baremetal')

        # Wait for all compute ports to be ACTIVE.
        # This will raise a TimeoutException if that does not happen.
        client = self.os_admin.ports_client
        try:
            ports = waiters.wait_for_server_ports_active(
                client=client, server_id=server['id'],
                is_active=_is_active, **kwargs)
        except lib_exc.TimeoutException:
            LOG.error("Server ports failed transitioning to ACTIVE for "
                      "server: %s", server)
            raise

        port_map = [(p["id"], fxip["ip_address"])
                    for p in ports
                    for fxip in p["fixed_ips"]
                    if (netutils.is_valid_ipv4(fxip["ip_address"]) and
                        _is_active(p))]
        inactive = [p for p in ports if p['status'] != 'ACTIVE']
        if inactive:
            # This should just be Ironic ports, see _is_active() above
            LOG.debug("Instance has ports that are not ACTIVE: %s", inactive)

        self.assertNotEmpty(port_map,
                            "No IPv4 addresses found in: %s" % ports)
        self.assertEqual(len(port_map), 1,
                         "Found multiple IPv4 addresses: %s. "
                         "Unable to determine which port to target."
                         % port_map)
        return port_map[0]

    def create_floating_ip(self, server, external_network_id=None,
                           port_id=None, client=None, **kwargs):
        """Create a floating IP and associates to a resource/port on Neutron"""

        if not external_network_id:
            external_network_id = CONF.network.public_network_id
        if not client:
            client = self.floating_ips_client
        if not port_id:
            port_id, ip4 = self.get_server_port_id_and_ip4(server)
        else:
            ip4 = None

        floatingip_kwargs = {
            'floating_network_id': external_network_id,
            'port_id': port_id,
            'tenant_id': server.get('project_id') or server['tenant_id'],
            'fixed_ip_address': ip4,
        }
        if CONF.network.subnet_id:
            floatingip_kwargs['subnet_id'] = CONF.network.subnet_id

        floatingip_kwargs.update(kwargs)
        result = client.create_floatingip(**floatingip_kwargs)
        floating_ip = result['floatingip']

        self.addCleanup(test_utils.call_and_ignore_notfound_exc,
                        client.delete_floatingip,
                        floating_ip['id'])
        return floating_ip

    def get_floating_ip(self, server):
        """Attempt to get an existing floating ip or a server

        If one exists, return it, else return None
        """
        port_id, ip4 = self.get_server_port_id_and_ip4(server)
        ips = self.floating_ips_client.list_floatingips(
            floating_network_id=CONF.network.public_network_id,
            port_id=port_id)
        try:
            return ips['floatingips'][0]['floating_ip_address']
        except (KeyError, IndexError):
            return None

    def associate_floating_ip(self, floating_ip, server, ip_addr=None,
                              **kwargs):
        """Associate floating ip to server

        This wrapper utility attaches the floating_ip for
        the respective port_id of server
        """
        port_id, _ = self.get_server_port_id_and_ip4(server, ip_addr=ip_addr)
        kwargs.update({"port_id": port_id})
        floating_ip = self.floating_ips_client.update_floatingip(
            floating_ip['id'], **kwargs)['floatingip']
        self.assertEqual(port_id, floating_ip['port_id'])
        return floating_ip

    def disassociate_floating_ip(self, floating_ip):
        """Disassociates floating ip

        This wrapper utility disassociates given floating ip.
        :param floating_ip: a dict which is a return value of
        floating_ips_client.create_floatingip method
        """
        kwargs = dict(port_id=None)
        floating_ip = self.floating_ips_client.update_floatingip(
            floating_ip['id'], **kwargs)['floatingip']
        self.assertIsNone(floating_ip['port_id'])
        return floating_ip

    def create_file(self, ip_address, path, private_key=None, server=None,
                    username=None):
        """Create a file on a remote server"""
        ssh_client = self.get_remote_client(ip_address,
                                            private_key=private_key,
                                            server=server,
                                            username=username)
        ssh_client.exec_command('sudo mkdir -p %s' % path)

    def create_timestamp(self, ip_address, dev_name=None, mount_path='/mnt',
                         private_key=None, server=None, username=None,
                         fs='vfat'):
        """Creates timestamp

        This wrapper utility does ssh, creates timestamp and returns the
        created timestamp.
        """
        ssh_client = self.get_remote_client(ip_address,
                                            private_key=private_key,
                                            server=server,
                                            username=username)

        # Default the directory in which to write the timestamp file to /root
        # and only use the mount_path as the target directory if we mounted
        # dev_name to mount_path.
        target_dir = '/root'
        if dev_name is not None:
            mount_path = os.path.join(mount_path, dev_name)
            ssh_client.make_fs(dev_name, fs=fs)
            ssh_client.mkdir(mount_path)
            ssh_client.mount(dev_name, mount_path)
            target_dir = mount_path

        cmd_timestamp = 'sudo sh -c "date > %s/timestamp; sync"' % target_dir
        ssh_client.exec_command(cmd_timestamp)
        timestamp = ssh_client.exec_command('sudo cat %s/timestamp'
                                            % target_dir)
        if dev_name is not None:
            ssh_client.umount(mount_path)
        return timestamp

    def get_timestamp(self, ip_address, dev_name=None, mount_path='/mnt',
                      private_key=None, server=None, username=None):
        """Returns timestamp

        This wrapper utility does ssh and returns the timestamp.

        :param ip_address: The floating IP or fixed IP of the remote server
        :param dev_name: Name of the device that stores the timestamp
        :param mount_path: Path which should be used as mount point for
                           dev_name
        :param private_key: The SSH private key to use for authentication
        :param server: Server dict, used for debugging purposes
        :param username: Name of the Linux account on the remote server
        """

        ssh_client = self.get_remote_client(ip_address,
                                            private_key=private_key,
                                            server=server,
                                            username=username)

        # Default the directory from which to read the timestamp file to /root
        # and only use the mount_path as the target directory if we mounted
        # dev_name to mount_path.
        target_dir = '/root'
        if dev_name is not None:
            mount_path = os.path.join(mount_path, dev_name)
            ssh_client.mkdir(mount_path)
            ssh_client.mount(dev_name, mount_path)
            target_dir = mount_path
        timestamp = ssh_client.exec_command('sudo cat %s/timestamp'
                                            % target_dir)
        if dev_name is not None:
            ssh_client.umount(mount_path)
        return timestamp

    def get_server_ip(self, server, **kwargs):
        """Get the server fixed or floating IP.

        Based on the configuration we're in, return a correct ip
        address for validating that a guest is up.

        If CONF.validation.connect_method is floating, then
        a floating ip will be created passing kwargs as additional
        argument.
        """

        if CONF.validation.connect_method == 'floating':
            # The tests calling this method don't have a floating IP
            # and can't make use of the validation resources. So the
            # method is creating the floating IP there.
            fip = self.get_floating_ip(server)
            if fip:
                # Already have a floating ip, so use it instead of creating
                # another
                return fip
            else:
                return self.create_floating_ip(
                    server, **kwargs)['floating_ip_address']
        elif CONF.validation.connect_method == 'fixed':
            # Determine the network name to look for based on config or creds
            # provider network resources.
            if CONF.validation.network_for_ssh:
                addresses = server['addresses'][
                    CONF.validation.network_for_ssh]
            else:
                network = self.get_tenant_network()
                addresses = (server['addresses'][network['name']]
                             if network else [])
            for address in addresses:
                if (address['version'] == CONF.validation.ip_version_for_ssh and  # noqa
                        address['OS-EXT-IPS:type'] == 'fixed'):
                    return address['addr']
            raise exceptions.ServerUnreachable(server_id=server['id'])
        else:
            raise lib_exc.InvalidConfiguration()

    @classmethod
    def get_host_for_server(cls, server_id):
        """Gets host of server"""

        server_details = cls.os_admin.servers_client.show_server(server_id)
        return server_details['server']['OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host']

    def _get_bdm(self, source_id, source_type, delete_on_termination=False):
        bd_map_v2 = [{
            'uuid': source_id,
            'source_type': source_type,
            'destination_type': 'volume',
            'boot_index': 0,
            'delete_on_termination': delete_on_termination}]
        return {'block_device_mapping_v2': bd_map_v2}

    def boot_instance_from_resource(self, source_id,
                                    source_type,
                                    keypair=None,
                                    security_group=None,
                                    delete_on_termination=False,
                                    name=None, **kwargs):
        """Boot instance from resource

        This wrapper utility boots instance from resource with block device
        mapping with source info passed in arguments
        """

        create_kwargs = dict({'image_id': ''})
        if keypair:
            create_kwargs['keypair'] = keypair
        if security_group:
            create_kwargs['security_groups'] = [
                {'name': security_group['name']}]
        create_kwargs.update(self._get_bdm(
            source_id,
            source_type,
            delete_on_termination=delete_on_termination))
        if name:
            create_kwargs['name'] = name
        create_kwargs.update(kwargs)

        return self.create_server(**create_kwargs)

    def wait_for_cloud_init(
            self, ip_address, server, private_key, username):
        ssh_client = self.get_remote_client(ip_address,
                                            private_key=private_key,
                                            server=server,
                                            username=username)
        waiters.wait_for_cloudinit(ssh_client)

    def create_volume_from_image(self, **kwargs):
        """Create volume from image.

        :param image_id: ID of the image to create volume from,
            CONF.compute.image_ref by default
        :param name: name of the volume,
            '$classname-volume-origin' by default
        :param **kwargs: additional parameters
        """
        image_id = kwargs.pop('image_id', CONF.compute.image_ref)
        name = kwargs.pop('name', None)
        if not name:
            namestart = self.__class__.__name__ + '-volume-origin'
            name = data_utils.rand_name(
                prefix=CONF.resource_name_prefix, name=namestart)
        return self.create_volume(name=name, imageRef=image_id, **kwargs)

    def run_sync(self, ip_address, private_key=None, server=None,
                 username=None):
        """Syncs server filesystem cached writes

        This wrapper utility does ssh and syncs server's filesystem caches
        to persistent storage.

        :param ip_address: The floating IP or fixed IP of the remote server
        :param private_key: The SSH private key to use for authentication
        :param server: Server dict, used for debugging purposes
        :param username: Name of the Linux account on the remote server
        """

        ssh_client = self.get_remote_client(ip_address,
                                            private_key=private_key,
                                            server=server,
                                            username=username)

        ssh_client.exec_command('sudo sh -c "sync"')


class ScenarioTestWithNetwork(ScenarioTest):
    """Base class for tests with default network"""

    @classmethod
    def setup_credentials(cls):
        cls.set_network_resources(network=True, subnet=True,
                                  dhcp=True, router=True)
        super(ScenarioTestWithNetwork, cls).setup_credentials()


class NetworkScenarioTest(ScenarioTest):
    """Base class for network scenario tests.

    This class provide helpers for network scenario tests, using the neutron
    API. Helpers from ancestor which use the nova network API are overridden
    with the neutron API.

    This Class also enforces using Neutron instead of novanetwork.
    Subclassed tests will be skipped if Neutron is not enabled

    """

    @classmethod
    def skip_checks(cls):
        super(NetworkScenarioTest, cls).skip_checks()
        if not CONF.service_available.neutron:
            raise cls.skipException('Neutron not available')

    def create_network(self, networks_client=None,
                       project_id=None,
                       namestart='network-smoke-',
                       port_security_enabled=True, **net_dict):
        if not networks_client:
            networks_client = self.networks_client
        if not project_id:
            project_id = networks_client.project_id
        name = data_utils.rand_name(
            prefix=CONF.resource_name_prefix, name=namestart)
        network_kwargs = dict(name=name, project_id=project_id)
        if net_dict:
            network_kwargs.update(net_dict)
        # Neutron disables port security by default so we have to check the
        # config before trying to create the network with port_security_enabled
        if CONF.network_feature_enabled.port_security:
            network_kwargs['port_security_enabled'] = port_security_enabled
        result = networks_client.create_network(**network_kwargs)
        network = result['network']

        self.assertEqual(network['name'], name)
        self.addCleanup(test_utils.call_and_ignore_notfound_exc,
                        networks_client.delete_network,
                        network['id'])
        return network

    def create_subnet(self, network, subnets_client=None,
                      namestart='subnet-smoke', **kwargs):
        """Create a subnet for the given network

        This utility creates subnet for the given network
        within the cidr block configured for tenant networks.

        :param **kwargs:
            See extra parameters below

        :Keyword Arguments:

            * *ip_version = ip version of the given network,
            use_default_subnetpool = default subnetpool to
                    manage IPv6 addresses range.
        """

        if not subnets_client:
            subnets_client = self.subnets_client

        def cidr_in_use(cidr, project_id):
            """Check cidr existence

            :returns: True if subnet with cidr already exist in tenant or
                  external False else
            """
            tenant_subnets = self.os_admin.subnets_client.list_subnets(
                project_id=project_id, cidr=cidr)['subnets']
            external_nets = self.os_admin.networks_client.list_networks(
                **{"router:external": True})['networks']
            external_subnets = []
            for ext_net in external_nets:
                external_subnets.extend(
                    self.os_admin.subnets_client.list_subnets(
                        network_id=ext_net['id'], cidr=cidr)['subnets'])
            return len(tenant_subnets + external_subnets) != 0

        def _make_create_subnet_request(namestart, network,
                                        ip_version, subnets_client, **kwargs):

            subnet = dict(
                name=data_utils.rand_name(
                    prefix=CONF.resource_name_prefix, name=namestart),
                network_id=network['id'],
                project_id=network['project_id'],
                ip_version=ip_version,
                **kwargs
            )

            if ip_version == 6:
                subnet['ipv6_address_mode'] = 'slaac'
                subnet['ipv6_ra_mode'] = 'slaac'

            try:
                return subnets_client.create_subnet(**subnet)
            except lib_exc.Conflict as e:
                if 'overlaps with another subnet' not in str(e):
                    raise

        result = None
        str_cidr = None

        use_default_subnetpool = kwargs.get('use_default_subnetpool', False)
        ip_version = kwargs.pop('ip_version', 4)

        if not use_default_subnetpool:

            if ip_version == 6:
                tenant_cidr = netaddr.IPNetwork(
                    CONF.network.project_network_v6_cidr)
                num_bits = CONF.network.project_network_v6_mask_bits
            else:
                tenant_cidr = netaddr.IPNetwork(
                    CONF.network.project_network_cidr)
                num_bits = CONF.network.project_network_mask_bits

        # Repeatedly attempt subnet creation with sequential cidr
        # blocks until an unallocated block is found.
            for subnet_cidr in tenant_cidr.subnet(num_bits):
                str_cidr = str(subnet_cidr)
                if cidr_in_use(str_cidr, project_id=network['project_id']):
                    continue
                result = _make_create_subnet_request(
                    namestart, network, ip_version, subnets_client,
                    cidr=str_cidr, **kwargs)

                if result is not None:
                    break

        else:
            result = _make_create_subnet_request(
                namestart, network, ip_version, subnets_client,
                **kwargs)
        self.assertIsNotNone(result, 'Unable to allocate tenant network')

        subnet = result['subnet']
        if str_cidr is not None:
            self.assertEqual(subnet['cidr'], str_cidr)

        self.addCleanup(test_utils.call_and_ignore_notfound_exc,
                        subnets_client.delete_subnet, subnet['id'])

        return subnet

    def get_network_by_name(self, network_name):
        net = self.os_admin.networks_client.list_networks(
            name=network_name)['networks']
        self.assertNotEmpty(net,
                            "Unable to get network by name: %s" % network_name)
        return net[0]

    def check_floating_ip_status(self, floating_ip, status):
        """Verifies floatingip reaches the given status

        :param dict floating_ip: floating IP dict to check status
        :param status: target status
        :raises: AssertionError if status doesn't match
        """

        floatingip_id = floating_ip['id']

        def refresh():
            floating_ip = (self.floating_ips_client.
                           show_floatingip(floatingip_id)['floatingip'])
            if status == floating_ip['status']:
                LOG.info("FloatingIP: %s is at status: %s",
                         floating_ip, status)
            return status == floating_ip['status']

        if not test_utils.call_until_true(refresh,
                                          CONF.network.build_timeout,
                                          CONF.network.build_interval):
            floating_ip = self.floating_ips_client.show_floatingip(
                floatingip_id)['floatingip']
            self.assertEqual(status, floating_ip['status'],
                             message="FloatingIP: {fp} is at status: {cst}. "
                                     "failed  to reach status: {st}"
                             .format(fp=floating_ip, cst=floating_ip['status'],
                                     st=status))

    def check_tenant_network_connectivity(self, server,
                                          username,
                                          private_key,
                                          should_connect=True,
                                          servers_for_debug=None):
        """Checks tenant network connectivity"""
        if not CONF.network.project_networks_reachable:
            msg = 'Tenant networks not configured to be reachable.'
            LOG.info(msg)
            return
        # The target login is assumed to have been configured for
        # key-based authentication by cloud-init.
        try:
            for ip_addresses in server['addresses'].values():
                for ip_address in ip_addresses:
                    self.check_vm_connectivity(ip_address['addr'],
                                               username,
                                               private_key,
                                               should_connect=should_connect)
        except Exception as e:
            LOG.exception('Tenant network connectivity check failed')
            self.log_console_output(servers_for_debug)
            self._log_net_info(e)
            raise

    def check_remote_connectivity(self, source, dest, should_succeed=True,
                                  nic=None, protocol='icmp'):
        """check server connectivity via source ssh connection

        :param source: RemoteClient: an ssh connection from which to execute
            the check
        :param dest: an IP to check connectivity against
        :param should_succeed: boolean should connection succeed or not
        :param nic: specific network interface to test connectivity from
        :param protocol: the protocol used to test connectivity with.
        :returns: True, if the connection succeeded and it was expected to
            succeed. False otherwise.
        """

        method_name = '%s_check' % protocol
        connectivity_checker = getattr(source, method_name)

        def connect_remote():
            try:
                connectivity_checker(dest, nic=nic)
            except lib_exc.SSHExecCommandFailed:
                LOG.warning('Failed to check %(protocol)s connectivity for '
                            'IP %(dest)s via a ssh connection from: %(src)s.',
                            dict(protocol=protocol, dest=dest,
                                 src=source.ssh_client.host))
                return not should_succeed
            return should_succeed

        result = test_utils.call_until_true(connect_remote,
                                            CONF.validation.ping_timeout, 1)
        if result:
            return

        source_host = source.ssh_client.host
        if should_succeed:
            msg = "Timed out waiting for %s to become reachable from %s" \
                % (dest, source_host)
        else:
            msg = "%s is reachable from %s" % (dest, source_host)
        self.log_console_output()
        self.fail(msg)

    def get_router(self, client=None, project_id=None, **kwargs):
        """Retrieve a router for the given tenant id.

        If a public router has been configured, it will be returned.

        If a public router has not been configured, but a public
        network has, a tenant router will be created and returned that
        routes traffic to the public network.
        """

        if not client:
            client = self.routers_client
        if not project_id:
            project_id = client.project_id
        router_id = CONF.network.public_router_id
        network_id = CONF.network.public_network_id
        if router_id:
            body = client.show_router(router_id)
            return body['router']
        elif network_id:
            name = kwargs.pop('name', None)
            if not name:
                namestart = self.__class__.__name__ + '-router'
                name = data_utils.rand_name(
                    prefix=CONF.resource_name_prefix, name=namestart)

            ext_gw_info = kwargs.pop('external_gateway_info', None)
            if not ext_gw_info:
                ext_gw_info = dict(network_id=network_id)
            router = client.create_router(
                name=name,
                admin_state_up=kwargs.get('admin_state_up', True),
                project_id=project_id,
                external_gateway_info=ext_gw_info,
                **kwargs)['router']
            self.addCleanup(test_utils.call_and_ignore_notfound_exc,
                            client.delete_router, router['id'])
            return router
        else:
            raise Exception("Neither of 'public_router_id' or "
                            "'public_network_id' has been defined.")

    def setup_network_subnet_with_router(
            self, networks_client=None,
            routers_client=None, subnets_client=None,
            project_id=None, dns_nameservers=None,
            port_security_enabled=True, **net_dict):
        """Create a network with a subnet connected to a router.

        The baremetal driver is a special case since all nodes are
        on the same shared network.

        :param project_id: id of project to create resources in.
        :param dns_nameservers: list of dns servers to send to subnet.
        :param port_security_enabled: whether or not port_security is enabled
        :param net_dict: a dict containing experimental network information in
                a form like this: {'provider:network_type': 'vlan',
                                   'provider:physical_network': 'foo',
                                   'provider:segmentation_id': '42'}
        :returns: network, subnet, router
        """

        if CONF.network.shared_physical_network:
            # NOTE(Shrews): This exception is for environments where tenant
            # credential isolation is available, but network separation is
            # not (the current baremetal case). Likely can be removed when
            # test account mgmt is reworked:
            # https://blueprints.launchpad.net/tempest/+spec/test-accounts
            if not CONF.compute.fixed_network_name:
                m = 'fixed_network_name must be specified in config'
                raise lib_exc.InvalidConfiguration(m)
            network = self.get_network_by_name(
                CONF.compute.fixed_network_name)
            router = None
            subnet = None
        else:
            network = self.create_network(
                networks_client=networks_client,
                project_id=project_id,
                port_security_enabled=port_security_enabled,
                **net_dict)
            router = self.get_router(client=routers_client,
                                     project_id=project_id)
            subnet_kwargs = dict(network=network,
                                 subnets_client=subnets_client)
            # use explicit check because empty list is a valid option
            if dns_nameservers is not None:
                subnet_kwargs['dns_nameservers'] = dns_nameservers
            subnet = self.create_subnet(**subnet_kwargs)
            if not routers_client:
                routers_client = self.routers_client
            router_id = router['id']
            routers_client.add_router_interface(router_id,
                                                subnet_id=subnet['id'])

            # save a cleanup job to remove this association between
            # router and subnet
            self.addCleanup(test_utils.call_and_ignore_notfound_exc,
                            routers_client.remove_router_interface, router_id,
                            subnet_id=subnet['id'])
        return network, subnet, router


class EncryptionScenarioTest(ScenarioTestWithNetwork):

    """Base class for encryption scenario tests"""

    @classmethod
    def setup_clients(cls):
        super(EncryptionScenarioTest, cls).setup_clients()
        cls.admin_volume_types_client = cls.os_admin.volume_types_client_latest
        cls.admin_encryption_types_client =\
            cls.os_admin.encryption_types_client_latest

    def create_encryption_type(self, client=None, type_id=None, provider=None,
                               key_size=None, cipher=None,
                               control_location=None):
        """Creates an encryption type for volume"""
        if not client:
            client = self.admin_encryption_types_client
        if not type_id:
            volume_type = self.create_volume_type()
            type_id = volume_type['id']
        LOG.debug("Creating an encryption type for volume type: %s", type_id)
        client.create_encryption_type(
            type_id, provider=provider, key_size=key_size, cipher=cipher,
            control_location=control_location)

    def create_encrypted_volume(self, encryption_provider, volume_type,
                                key_size=256, cipher='aes-xts-plain64',
                                control_location='front-end',
                                wait_until='available'):
        """Creates an encrypted volume"""
        volume_type = self.create_volume_type(name=volume_type)
        self.create_encryption_type(type_id=volume_type['id'],
                                    provider=encryption_provider,
                                    key_size=key_size,
                                    cipher=cipher,
                                    control_location=control_location)
        return self.create_volume(volume_type=volume_type['name'],
                                  wait_until=wait_until)


class ObjectStorageScenarioTest(ScenarioTest):
    """Provide harness to do Object Storage scenario tests.

    Subclasses implement the tests that use the methods provided by this
    class.
    """

    credentials = ['primary']

    @classmethod
    def skip_checks(cls):
        super(ObjectStorageScenarioTest, cls).skip_checks()
        if not CONF.service_available.swift:
            skip_msg = ("%s skipped as swift is not available" %
                        cls.__name__)
            raise cls.skipException(skip_msg)

    @classmethod
    def setup_credentials(cls):
        cls.set_network_resources()
        super(ObjectStorageScenarioTest, cls).setup_credentials()
        operator_role = CONF.object_storage.operator_role
        cls.os_operator = cls.get_client_manager(roles=[operator_role])

    @classmethod
    def setup_clients(cls):
        super(ObjectStorageScenarioTest, cls).setup_clients()
        # Clients for Swift
        cls.account_client = cls.os_operator.account_client
        cls.container_client = cls.os_operator.container_client
        cls.object_client = cls.os_operator.object_client

    def get_swift_stat(self):
        """Get swift status for our user account."""
        self.account_client.list_account_containers()
        LOG.debug('Swift status information obtained successfully')

    def create_container(self, container_name=None):
        """Creates container"""
        name = container_name or data_utils.rand_name(
            prefix=CONF.resource_name_prefix, name='swift-scenario-container')
        self.container_client.update_container(name)
        # look for the container to assure it is created
        self.list_and_check_container_objects(name)
        LOG.debug('Container %s created', name)
        self.addCleanup(test_utils.call_and_ignore_notfound_exc,
                        self.container_client.delete_container,
                        name)
        return name

    def delete_container(self, container_name):
        """Deletes container"""
        self.container_client.delete_container(container_name)
        LOG.debug('Container %s deleted', container_name)

    def upload_object_to_container(self, container_name, obj_name=None):
        """Uploads object to container"""
        obj_name = obj_name or data_utils.rand_name(
            prefix=CONF.resource_name_prefix, name='swift-scenario-object')
        obj_data = data_utils.random_bytes()
        self.object_client.create_object(container_name, obj_name, obj_data)
        self.addCleanup(test_utils.call_and_ignore_notfound_exc,
                        self.object_client.delete_object,
                        container_name,
                        obj_name)
        return obj_name, obj_data

    def delete_object(self, container_name, filename):
        """Deletes object"""
        self.object_client.delete_object(container_name, filename)
        self.list_and_check_container_objects(container_name,
                                              not_present_obj=[filename])

    def list_and_check_container_objects(self, container_name,
                                         present_obj=None,
                                         not_present_obj=None):
        """List and verify objects for a given container

        This utility lists objects for a given container
        and asserts which are present and
        which are not
        """

        if present_obj is None:
            present_obj = []
        if not_present_obj is None:
            not_present_obj = []
        _, object_list = self.container_client.list_container_objects(
            container_name)
        if present_obj:
            for obj in present_obj:
                self.assertIn(obj, object_list)
        if not_present_obj:
            for obj in not_present_obj:
                self.assertNotIn(obj, object_list)

    def download_and_verify(self, container_name, obj_name, expected_data):
        """Asserts the object and expected data to verify if they are same"""
        _, obj = self.object_client.get_object(container_name, obj_name)
        self.assertEqual(obj, expected_data)