diff --git a/acceptance/openstack/identity/v3/token_test.go b/acceptance/openstack/identity/v3/token_test.go
index d5f9ea6..341acb7 100644
--- a/acceptance/openstack/identity/v3/token_test.go
+++ b/acceptance/openstack/identity/v3/token_test.go
@@ -34,15 +34,10 @@
 	service := openstack.NewIdentityV3(provider)
 
 	// Use the service to create a token.
-	result, err := tokens3.Create(service, ao, nil)
+	token, err := tokens3.Create(service, ao, nil).Extract()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Unable to get token: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	token, err := result.TokenID()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Unable to extract token from response: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	t.Logf("Acquired token: %s", token)
+	t.Logf("Acquired token: %s", token.ID)
 }
diff --git a/openstack/client.go b/openstack/client.go
index b916dd9..1b057d0 100644
--- a/openstack/client.go
+++ b/openstack/client.go
@@ -175,15 +175,12 @@
 		v3Client.Endpoint = endpoint
 	}
 
-	result, err := tokens3.Create(v3Client, options, nil)
+	token, err := tokens3.Create(v3Client, options, nil).Extract()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	client.TokenID = token.ID
 
-	client.TokenID, err = result.TokenID()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
 	client.EndpointLocator = func(opts gophercloud.EndpointOpts) (string, error) {
 		return v3endpointLocator(v3Client, opts)
 	}
diff --git a/openstack/identity/v3/endpoints/requests.go b/openstack/identity/v3/endpoints/requests.go
index 186d0fc..eb52573 100644
--- a/openstack/identity/v3/endpoints/requests.go
+++ b/openstack/identity/v3/endpoints/requests.go
@@ -9,14 +9,6 @@
 	"github.com/rackspace/gophercloud/pagination"
 )
 
-// maybeString returns nil for empty strings and nil for empty.
-func maybeString(original string) *string {
-	if original != "" {
-		return &original
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 // EndpointOpts contains the subset of Endpoint attributes that should be used to create or update an Endpoint.
 type EndpointOpts struct {
 	Availability gophercloud.Availability
@@ -28,7 +20,7 @@
 
 // Create inserts a new Endpoint into the service catalog.
 // Within EndpointOpts, Region may be omitted by being left as "", but all other fields are required.
-func Create(client *gophercloud.ServiceClient, opts EndpointOpts) (*Endpoint, error) {
+func Create(client *gophercloud.ServiceClient, opts EndpointOpts) CreateResult {
 	// Redefined so that Region can be re-typed as a *string, which can be omitted from the JSON output.
 	type endpoint struct {
 		Interface string  `json:"interface"`
@@ -42,22 +34,18 @@
 		Endpoint endpoint `json:"endpoint"`
 	}
 
-	type response struct {
-		Endpoint Endpoint `json:"endpoint"`
-	}
-
 	// Ensure that EndpointOpts is fully populated.
 	if opts.Availability == "" {
-		return nil, ErrAvailabilityRequired
+		return createErr(ErrAvailabilityRequired)
 	}
 	if opts.Name == "" {
-		return nil, ErrNameRequired
+		return createErr(ErrNameRequired)
 	}
 	if opts.URL == "" {
-		return nil, ErrURLRequired
+		return createErr(ErrURLRequired)
 	}
 	if opts.ServiceID == "" {
-		return nil, ErrServiceIDRequired
+		return createErr(ErrServiceIDRequired)
 	}
 
 	// Populate the request body.
@@ -69,20 +57,16 @@
 			ServiceID: opts.ServiceID,
 		},
 	}
-	reqBody.Endpoint.Region = maybeString(opts.Region)
+	reqBody.Endpoint.Region = gophercloud.MaybeString(opts.Region)
 
-	var respBody response
-	_, err := perigee.Request("POST", getListURL(client), perigee.Options{
+	var result CreateResult
+	_, result.Err = perigee.Request("POST", listURL(client), perigee.Options{
 		MoreHeaders: client.Provider.AuthenticatedHeaders(),
 		ReqBody:     &reqBody,
-		Results:     &respBody,
+		Results:     &result.Resp,
 		OkCodes:     []int{201},
 	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return &respBody.Endpoint, nil
+	return result
 }
 
 // ListOpts allows finer control over the the endpoints returned by a List call.
@@ -114,13 +98,13 @@
 		return EndpointPage{pagination.LinkedPageBase{LastHTTPResponse: r}}
 	}
 
-	u := getListURL(client) + utils.BuildQuery(q)
+	u := listURL(client) + utils.BuildQuery(q)
 	return pagination.NewPager(client, u, createPage)
 }
 
 // Update changes an existing endpoint with new data.
 // All fields are optional in the provided EndpointOpts.
-func Update(client *gophercloud.ServiceClient, endpointID string, opts EndpointOpts) (*Endpoint, error) {
+func Update(client *gophercloud.ServiceClient, endpointID string, opts EndpointOpts) UpdateResult {
 	type endpoint struct {
 		Interface *string `json:"interface,omitempty"`
 		Name      *string `json:"name,omitempty"`
@@ -133,34 +117,26 @@
 		Endpoint endpoint `json:"endpoint"`
 	}
 
-	type response struct {
-		Endpoint Endpoint `json:"endpoint"`
-	}
-
 	reqBody := request{Endpoint: endpoint{}}
-	reqBody.Endpoint.Interface = maybeString(string(opts.Availability))
-	reqBody.Endpoint.Name = maybeString(opts.Name)
-	reqBody.Endpoint.Region = maybeString(opts.Region)
-	reqBody.Endpoint.URL = maybeString(opts.URL)
-	reqBody.Endpoint.ServiceID = maybeString(opts.ServiceID)
+	reqBody.Endpoint.Interface = gophercloud.MaybeString(string(opts.Availability))
+	reqBody.Endpoint.Name = gophercloud.MaybeString(opts.Name)
+	reqBody.Endpoint.Region = gophercloud.MaybeString(opts.Region)
+	reqBody.Endpoint.URL = gophercloud.MaybeString(opts.URL)
+	reqBody.Endpoint.ServiceID = gophercloud.MaybeString(opts.ServiceID)
 
-	var respBody response
-	_, err := perigee.Request("PATCH", getEndpointURL(client, endpointID), perigee.Options{
+	var result UpdateResult
+	_, result.Err = perigee.Request("PATCH", endpointURL(client, endpointID), perigee.Options{
 		MoreHeaders: client.Provider.AuthenticatedHeaders(),
 		ReqBody:     &reqBody,
-		Results:     &respBody,
+		Results:     &result.Resp,
 		OkCodes:     []int{200},
 	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return &respBody.Endpoint, nil
+	return result
 }
 
 // Delete removes an endpoint from the service catalog.
 func Delete(client *gophercloud.ServiceClient, endpointID string) error {
-	_, err := perigee.Request("DELETE", getEndpointURL(client, endpointID), perigee.Options{
+	_, err := perigee.Request("DELETE", endpointURL(client, endpointID), perigee.Options{
 		MoreHeaders: client.Provider.AuthenticatedHeaders(),
 		OkCodes:     []int{204},
 	})
diff --git a/openstack/identity/v3/endpoints/requests_test.go b/openstack/identity/v3/endpoints/requests_test.go
index 241d175..c30bd55 100644
--- a/openstack/identity/v3/endpoints/requests_test.go
+++ b/openstack/identity/v3/endpoints/requests_test.go
@@ -59,13 +59,13 @@
 
 	client := serviceClient()
 
-	result, err := Create(client, EndpointOpts{
+	actual, err := Create(client, EndpointOpts{
 		Availability: gophercloud.AvailabilityPublic,
 		Name:         "the-endiest-of-points",
 		Region:       "underground",
 		URL:          "https://1.2.3.4:9000/",
 		ServiceID:    "asdfasdfasdfasdf",
-	})
+	}).Extract()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Unable to create an endpoint: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@
 		URL:          "https://1.2.3.4:9000/",
 	}
 
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(result, expected) {
-		t.Errorf("Expected %#v, was %#v", expected, result)
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(actual, expected) {
+		t.Errorf("Expected %#v, was %#v", expected, actual)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@
 	actual, err := Update(client, "12", EndpointOpts{
 		Name:   "renamed",
 		Region: "somewhere-else",
-	})
+	}).Extract()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error from Update: %v", err)
 	}
diff --git a/openstack/identity/v3/endpoints/results.go b/openstack/identity/v3/endpoints/results.go
index 8da90f3..2dd2357 100644
--- a/openstack/identity/v3/endpoints/results.go
+++ b/openstack/identity/v3/endpoints/results.go
@@ -1,11 +1,51 @@
 package endpoints
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
+
 	"github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure"
 	"github.com/rackspace/gophercloud"
 	"github.com/rackspace/gophercloud/pagination"
 )
 
+type commonResult struct {
+	gophercloud.CommonResult
+}
+
+// Extract interprets a GetResult, CreateResult or UpdateResult as a concrete Endpoint.
+// An error is returned if the original call or the extraction failed.
+func (r commonResult) Extract() (*Endpoint, error) {
+	if r.Err != nil {
+		return nil, r.Err
+	}
+
+	var res struct {
+		Endpoint `json:"endpoint"`
+	}
+
+	err := mapstructure.Decode(r.Resp, &res)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Error decoding Endpoint: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return &res.Endpoint, nil
+}
+
+// CreateResult is the deferred result of a Create call.
+type CreateResult struct {
+	commonResult
+}
+
+// createErr quickly wraps an error in a CreateResult.
+func createErr(err error) CreateResult {
+	return CreateResult{commonResult{gophercloud.CommonResult{Err: err}}}
+}
+
+// UpdateResult is the deferred result of an Update call.
+type UpdateResult struct {
+	commonResult
+}
+
 // Endpoint describes the entry point for another service's API.
 type Endpoint struct {
 	ID           string                   `mapstructure:"id" json:"id"`
diff --git a/openstack/identity/v3/endpoints/urls.go b/openstack/identity/v3/endpoints/urls.go
index 011cc01..547d7b1 100644
--- a/openstack/identity/v3/endpoints/urls.go
+++ b/openstack/identity/v3/endpoints/urls.go
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 
 import "github.com/rackspace/gophercloud"
 
-func getListURL(client *gophercloud.ServiceClient) string {
+func listURL(client *gophercloud.ServiceClient) string {
 	return client.ServiceURL("endpoints")
 }
 
-func getEndpointURL(client *gophercloud.ServiceClient, endpointID string) string {
+func endpointURL(client *gophercloud.ServiceClient, endpointID string) string {
 	return client.ServiceURL("endpoints", endpointID)
 }
diff --git a/openstack/identity/v3/endpoints/urls_test.go b/openstack/identity/v3/endpoints/urls_test.go
index fe1fb4a..0b183b7 100644
--- a/openstack/identity/v3/endpoints/urls_test.go
+++ b/openstack/identity/v3/endpoints/urls_test.go
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 func TestGetListURL(t *testing.T) {
 	client := gophercloud.ServiceClient{Endpoint: "http://localhost:5000/v3/"}
-	url := getListURL(&client)
+	url := listURL(&client)
 	if url != "http://localhost:5000/v3/endpoints" {
 		t.Errorf("Unexpected list URL generated: [%s]", url)
 	}
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 func TestGetEndpointURL(t *testing.T) {
 	client := gophercloud.ServiceClient{Endpoint: "http://localhost:5000/v3/"}
-	url := getEndpointURL(&client, "1234")
+	url := endpointURL(&client, "1234")
 	if url != "http://localhost:5000/v3/endpoints/1234" {
 		t.Errorf("Unexpected service URL generated: [%s]", url)
 	}
diff --git a/openstack/identity/v3/services/requests.go b/openstack/identity/v3/services/requests.go
index 405a9a6..7816aca 100644
--- a/openstack/identity/v3/services/requests.go
+++ b/openstack/identity/v3/services/requests.go
@@ -14,25 +14,21 @@
 }
 
 // Create adds a new service of the requested type to the catalog.
-func Create(client *gophercloud.ServiceClient, serviceType string) (*Service, error) {
+func Create(client *gophercloud.ServiceClient, serviceType string) CreateResult {
 	type request struct {
 		Type string `json:"type"`
 	}
 
 	req := request{Type: serviceType}
-	var resp response
 
-	_, err := perigee.Request("POST", getListURL(client), perigee.Options{
+	var result CreateResult
+	_, result.Err = perigee.Request("POST", listURL(client), perigee.Options{
 		MoreHeaders: client.Provider.AuthenticatedHeaders(),
 		ReqBody:     &req,
-		Results:     &resp,
+		Results:     &result.Resp,
 		OkCodes:     []int{201},
 	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return &resp.Service, nil
+	return result
 }
 
 // ListOpts allows you to query the List method.
@@ -54,7 +50,7 @@
 	if opts.PerPage != 0 {
 		q["perPage"] = strconv.Itoa(opts.PerPage)
 	}
-	u := getListURL(client) + utils.BuildQuery(q)
+	u := listURL(client) + utils.BuildQuery(q)
 
 	createPage := func(r pagination.LastHTTPResponse) pagination.Page {
 		return ServicePage{pagination.LinkedPageBase{LastHTTPResponse: r}}
@@ -64,45 +60,38 @@
 }
 
 // Get returns additional information about a service, given its ID.
-func Get(client *gophercloud.ServiceClient, serviceID string) (*Service, error) {
-	var resp response
-	_, err := perigee.Request("GET", getServiceURL(client, serviceID), perigee.Options{
+func Get(client *gophercloud.ServiceClient, serviceID string) GetResult {
+	var result GetResult
+	_, result.Err = perigee.Request("GET", serviceURL(client, serviceID), perigee.Options{
 		MoreHeaders: client.Provider.AuthenticatedHeaders(),
-		Results:     &resp,
+		Results:     &result.Resp,
 		OkCodes:     []int{200},
 	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return &resp.Service, nil
+	return result
 }
 
-// Update changes the service type of an existing service.s
-func Update(client *gophercloud.ServiceClient, serviceID string, serviceType string) (*Service, error) {
+// Update changes the service type of an existing service.
+func Update(client *gophercloud.ServiceClient, serviceID string, serviceType string) UpdateResult {
 	type request struct {
 		Type string `json:"type"`
 	}
 
 	req := request{Type: serviceType}
 
-	var resp response
-	_, err := perigee.Request("PATCH", getServiceURL(client, serviceID), perigee.Options{
+	var result UpdateResult
+	_, result.Err = perigee.Request("PATCH", serviceURL(client, serviceID), perigee.Options{
 		MoreHeaders: client.Provider.AuthenticatedHeaders(),
 		ReqBody:     &req,
-		Results:     &resp,
+		Results:     &result.Resp,
 		OkCodes:     []int{200},
 	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return &resp.Service, nil
+	return result
 }
 
 // Delete removes an existing service.
 // It either deletes all associated endpoints, or fails until all endpoints are deleted.
 func Delete(client *gophercloud.ServiceClient, serviceID string) error {
-	_, err := perigee.Request("DELETE", getServiceURL(client, serviceID), perigee.Options{
+	_, err := perigee.Request("DELETE", serviceURL(client, serviceID), perigee.Options{
 		MoreHeaders: client.Provider.AuthenticatedHeaders(),
 		OkCodes:     []int{204},
 	})
diff --git a/openstack/identity/v3/services/requests_test.go b/openstack/identity/v3/services/requests_test.go
index 804f034..a3d345b 100644
--- a/openstack/identity/v3/services/requests_test.go
+++ b/openstack/identity/v3/services/requests_test.go
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 
 	client := serviceClient()
 
-	result, err := Create(client, "compute")
+	result, err := Create(client, "compute").Extract()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error from Create: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
 
 	client := serviceClient()
 
-	result, err := Get(client, "12345")
+	result, err := Get(client, "12345").Extract()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Error fetching service information: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -202,13 +202,13 @@
 
 	client := serviceClient()
 
-	result, err := Update(client, "12345", "lasermagic")
+	result, err := Update(client, "12345", "lasermagic").Extract()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Unable to update service: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	if result.ID != "12345" {
-
+		t.Fatalf("Expected ID 12345, was %s", result.ID)
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/openstack/identity/v3/services/results.go b/openstack/identity/v3/services/results.go
index cccea8e..b4e7bd2 100644
--- a/openstack/identity/v3/services/results.go
+++ b/openstack/identity/v3/services/results.go
@@ -1,11 +1,52 @@
 package services
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/rackspace/gophercloud"
 	"github.com/rackspace/gophercloud/pagination"
 
 	"github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure"
 )
 
+type commonResult struct {
+	gophercloud.CommonResult
+}
+
+// Extract interprets a GetResult, CreateResult or UpdateResult as a concrete Service.
+// An error is returned if the original call or the extraction failed.
+func (r commonResult) Extract() (*Service, error) {
+	if r.Err != nil {
+		return nil, r.Err
+	}
+
+	var res struct {
+		Service `json:"service"`
+	}
+
+	err := mapstructure.Decode(r.Resp, &res)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Error decoding Service: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return &res.Service, nil
+}
+
+// CreateResult is the deferred result of a Create call.
+type CreateResult struct {
+	commonResult
+}
+
+// GetResult is the deferred result of a Get call.
+type GetResult struct {
+	commonResult
+}
+
+// UpdateResult is the deferred result of an Update call.
+type UpdateResult struct {
+	commonResult
+}
+
 // Service is the result of a list or information query.
 type Service struct {
 	Description *string `json:"description,omitempty"`
diff --git a/openstack/identity/v3/services/urls.go b/openstack/identity/v3/services/urls.go
index 3556238..85443a4 100644
--- a/openstack/identity/v3/services/urls.go
+++ b/openstack/identity/v3/services/urls.go
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 
 import "github.com/rackspace/gophercloud"
 
-func getListURL(client *gophercloud.ServiceClient) string {
+func listURL(client *gophercloud.ServiceClient) string {
 	return client.ServiceURL("services")
 }
 
-func getServiceURL(client *gophercloud.ServiceClient, serviceID string) string {
+func serviceURL(client *gophercloud.ServiceClient, serviceID string) string {
 	return client.ServiceURL("services", serviceID)
 }
diff --git a/openstack/identity/v3/services/urls_test.go b/openstack/identity/v3/services/urls_test.go
index deded69..5a31b32 100644
--- a/openstack/identity/v3/services/urls_test.go
+++ b/openstack/identity/v3/services/urls_test.go
@@ -6,17 +6,17 @@
 	"github.com/rackspace/gophercloud"
 )
 
-func TestGetListURL(t *testing.T) {
+func TestListURL(t *testing.T) {
 	client := gophercloud.ServiceClient{Endpoint: "http://localhost:5000/v3/"}
-	url := getListURL(&client)
+	url := listURL(&client)
 	if url != "http://localhost:5000/v3/services" {
 		t.Errorf("Unexpected list URL generated: [%s]", url)
 	}
 }
 
-func TestGetServiceURL(t *testing.T) {
+func TestServiceURL(t *testing.T) {
 	client := gophercloud.ServiceClient{Endpoint: "http://localhost:5000/v3/"}
-	url := getServiceURL(&client, "1234")
+	url := serviceURL(&client, "1234")
 	if url != "http://localhost:5000/v3/services/1234" {
 		t.Errorf("Unexpected service URL generated: [%s]", url)
 	}
diff --git a/openstack/identity/v3/tokens/requests.go b/openstack/identity/v3/tokens/requests.go
index ab4ae05..c8587b6 100644
--- a/openstack/identity/v3/tokens/requests.go
+++ b/openstack/identity/v3/tokens/requests.go
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 }
 
 // Create authenticates and either generates a new token, or changes the Scope of an existing token.
-func Create(c *gophercloud.ServiceClient, options gophercloud.AuthOptions, scope *Scope) (gophercloud.AuthResults, error) {
+func Create(c *gophercloud.ServiceClient, options gophercloud.AuthOptions, scope *Scope) CreateResult {
 	type domainReq struct {
 		ID   *string `json:"id,omitempty"`
 		Name *string `json:"name,omitempty"`
@@ -73,13 +73,13 @@
 
 	// Test first for unrecognized arguments.
 	if options.APIKey != "" {
-		return nil, ErrAPIKeyProvided
+		return createErr(ErrAPIKeyProvided)
 	}
 	if options.TenantID != "" {
-		return nil, ErrTenantIDProvided
+		return createErr(ErrTenantIDProvided)
 	}
 	if options.TenantName != "" {
-		return nil, ErrTenantNameProvided
+		return createErr(ErrTenantNameProvided)
 	}
 
 	if options.Password == "" {
@@ -87,16 +87,16 @@
 			// Because we aren't using password authentication, it's an error to also provide any of the user-based authentication
 			// parameters.
 			if options.Username != "" {
-				return nil, ErrUsernameWithToken
+				return createErr(ErrUsernameWithToken)
 			}
 			if options.UserID != "" {
-				return nil, ErrUserIDWithToken
+				return createErr(ErrUserIDWithToken)
 			}
 			if options.DomainID != "" {
-				return nil, ErrDomainIDWithToken
+				return createErr(ErrDomainIDWithToken)
 			}
 			if options.DomainName != "" {
-				return nil, ErrDomainNameWithToken
+				return createErr(ErrDomainNameWithToken)
 			}
 
 			// Configure the request for Token authentication.
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
 			}
 		} else {
 			// If no password or token ID are available, authentication can't continue.
-			return nil, ErrMissingPassword
+			return createErr(ErrMissingPassword)
 		}
 	} else {
 		// Password authentication.
@@ -114,23 +114,23 @@
 
 		// At least one of Username and UserID must be specified.
 		if options.Username == "" && options.UserID == "" {
-			return nil, ErrUsernameOrUserID
+			return createErr(ErrUsernameOrUserID)
 		}
 
 		if options.Username != "" {
 			// If Username is provided, UserID may not be provided.
 			if options.UserID != "" {
-				return nil, ErrUsernameOrUserID
+				return createErr(ErrUsernameOrUserID)
 			}
 
 			// Either DomainID or DomainName must also be specified.
 			if options.DomainID == "" && options.DomainName == "" {
-				return nil, ErrDomainIDOrDomainName
+				return createErr(ErrDomainIDOrDomainName)
 			}
 
 			if options.DomainID != "" {
 				if options.DomainName != "" {
-					return nil, ErrDomainIDOrDomainName
+					return createErr(ErrDomainIDOrDomainName)
 				}
 
 				// Configure the request for Username and Password authentication with a DomainID.
@@ -158,10 +158,10 @@
 		if options.UserID != "" {
 			// If UserID is specified, neither DomainID nor DomainName may be.
 			if options.DomainID != "" {
-				return nil, ErrDomainIDWithUserID
+				return createErr(ErrDomainIDWithUserID)
 			}
 			if options.DomainName != "" {
-				return nil, ErrDomainNameWithUserID
+				return createErr(ErrDomainNameWithUserID)
 			}
 
 			// Configure the request for UserID and Password authentication.
@@ -177,10 +177,10 @@
 			// ProjectName provided: either DomainID or DomainName must also be supplied.
 			// ProjectID may not be supplied.
 			if scope.DomainID == "" && scope.DomainName == "" {
-				return nil, ErrScopeDomainIDOrDomainName
+				return createErr(ErrScopeDomainIDOrDomainName)
 			}
 			if scope.ProjectID != "" {
-				return nil, ErrScopeProjectIDOrProjectName
+				return createErr(ErrScopeProjectIDOrProjectName)
 			}
 
 			if scope.DomainID != "" {
@@ -205,10 +205,10 @@
 		} else if scope.ProjectID != "" {
 			// ProjectID provided. ProjectName, DomainID, and DomainName may not be provided.
 			if scope.DomainID != "" {
-				return nil, ErrScopeProjectIDAlone
+				return createErr(ErrScopeProjectIDAlone)
 			}
 			if scope.DomainName != "" {
-				return nil, ErrScopeProjectIDAlone
+				return createErr(ErrScopeProjectIDAlone)
 			}
 
 			// ProjectID
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@
 		} else if scope.DomainID != "" {
 			// DomainID provided. ProjectID, ProjectName, and DomainName may not be provided.
 			if scope.DomainName != "" {
-				return nil, ErrScopeDomainIDOrDomainName
+				return createErr(ErrScopeDomainIDOrDomainName)
 			}
 
 			// DomainID
@@ -226,51 +226,45 @@
 				Domain: &domainReq{ID: &scope.DomainID},
 			}
 		} else if scope.DomainName != "" {
-			return nil, ErrScopeDomainName
+			return createErr(ErrScopeDomainName)
 		} else {
-			return nil, ErrScopeEmpty
+			return createErr(ErrScopeEmpty)
 		}
 	}
 
-	var result TokenCreateResult
-	response, err := perigee.Request("POST", getTokenURL(c), perigee.Options{
+	var result CreateResult
+	var response *perigee.Response
+	response, result.Err = perigee.Request("POST", tokenURL(c), perigee.Options{
 		ReqBody: &req,
-		Results: &result.response,
+		Results: &result.Resp,
 		OkCodes: []int{201},
 	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+	if result.Err != nil {
+		return result
 	}
-
-	// Extract the token ID from the response, if present.
-	result.tokenID = response.HttpResponse.Header.Get("X-Subject-Token")
-
-	return &result, nil
+	result.header = response.HttpResponse.Header
+	return result
 }
 
 // Get validates and retrieves information about another token.
-func Get(c *gophercloud.ServiceClient, token string) (*TokenCreateResult, error) {
-	var result TokenCreateResult
-
-	response, err := perigee.Request("GET", getTokenURL(c), perigee.Options{
+func Get(c *gophercloud.ServiceClient, token string) GetResult {
+	var result GetResult
+	var response *perigee.Response
+	response, result.Err = perigee.Request("GET", tokenURL(c), perigee.Options{
 		MoreHeaders: subjectTokenHeaders(c, token),
-		Results:     &result.response,
+		Results:     &result.Resp,
 		OkCodes:     []int{200, 203},
 	})
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+	if result.Err != nil {
+		return result
 	}
-
-	// Extract the token ID from the response, if present.
-	result.tokenID = response.HttpResponse.Header.Get("X-Subject-Token")
-
-	return &result, nil
+	result.header = response.HttpResponse.Header
+	return result
 }
 
 // Validate determines if a specified token is valid or not.
 func Validate(c *gophercloud.ServiceClient, token string) (bool, error) {
-	response, err := perigee.Request("HEAD", getTokenURL(c), perigee.Options{
+	response, err := perigee.Request("HEAD", tokenURL(c), perigee.Options{
 		MoreHeaders: subjectTokenHeaders(c, token),
 		OkCodes:     []int{204, 404},
 	})
@@ -283,7 +277,7 @@
 
 // Revoke immediately makes specified token invalid.
 func Revoke(c *gophercloud.ServiceClient, token string) error {
-	_, err := perigee.Request("DELETE", getTokenURL(c), perigee.Options{
+	_, err := perigee.Request("DELETE", tokenURL(c), perigee.Options{
 		MoreHeaders: subjectTokenHeaders(c, token),
 		OkCodes:     []int{204},
 	})
diff --git a/openstack/identity/v3/tokens/requests_test.go b/openstack/identity/v3/tokens/requests_test.go
index d0813ac..367c73c 100644
--- a/openstack/identity/v3/tokens/requests_test.go
+++ b/openstack/identity/v3/tokens/requests_test.go
@@ -29,10 +29,14 @@
 		testhelper.TestJSONRequest(t, r, requestJSON)
 
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusCreated)
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, `{}`)
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, `{
+			"token": {
+				"expires_at": "2014-10-02T13:45:00.000000Z"
+			}
+		}`)
 	})
 
-	_, err := Create(&client, options, scope)
+	_, err := Create(&client, options, scope).Extract()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("Create returned an error: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -50,7 +54,7 @@
 		client.Provider.TokenID = "abcdef123456"
 	}
 
-	_, err := Create(&client, options, scope)
+	_, err := Create(&client, options, scope).Extract()
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Errorf("Create did NOT return an error")
 	}
@@ -250,18 +254,21 @@
 		w.Header().Add("X-Subject-Token", "aaa111")
 
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusCreated)
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, `{}`)
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, `{
+			"token": {
+				"expires_at": "2014-10-02T13:45:00.000000Z"
+			}
+		}`)
 	})
 
 	options := gophercloud.AuthOptions{UserID: "me", Password: "shhh"}
-	result, err := Create(&client, options, nil)
+	token, err := Create(&client, options, nil).Extract()
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Create returned an error: %v", err)
+		t.Fatalf("Create returned an error: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	token, _ := result.TokenID()
-	if token != "aaa111" {
-		t.Errorf("Expected token to be aaa111, but was %s", token)
+	if token.ID != "aaa111" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected token to be aaa111, but was %s", token.ID)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -413,19 +420,14 @@
 		`)
 	})
 
-	result, err := Get(&client, "abcdef12345")
+	token, err := Get(&client, "abcdef12345").Extract()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("Info returned an error: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	expires, err := result.ExpiresAt()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Error extracting token expiration time: %v", err)
-	}
-
 	expected, _ := time.Parse(time.UnixDate, "Fri Aug 29 13:10:01 UTC 2014")
-	if expires != expected {
-		t.Errorf("Expected expiration time %s, but was %s", expected.Format(time.UnixDate), expires.Format(time.UnixDate))
+	if token.ExpiresAt != expected {
+		t.Errorf("Expected expiration time %s, but was %s", expected.Format(time.UnixDate), token.ExpiresAt.Format(time.UnixDate))
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/openstack/identity/v3/tokens/results.go b/openstack/identity/v3/tokens/results.go
index 8e0f018..c970c67 100644
--- a/openstack/identity/v3/tokens/results.go
+++ b/openstack/identity/v3/tokens/results.go
@@ -1,46 +1,81 @@
 package tokens
 
 import (
+	"net/http"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure"
+	"github.com/rackspace/gophercloud"
 )
 
 // RFC3339Milli describes the time format used by identity API responses.
 const RFC3339Milli = "2006-01-02T15:04:05.999999Z"
 
-// TokenCreateResult contains the document structure returned from a Create call.
-type TokenCreateResult struct {
-	response map[string]interface{}
-	tokenID  string
+// commonResult is the deferred result of a Create or a Get call.
+type commonResult struct {
+	gophercloud.CommonResult
+
+	// header stores the headers from the original HTTP response because token responses are returned in an X-Subject-Token header.
+	header http.Header
 }
 
-// TokenID retrieves a token generated by a Create call from an token creation response.
-func (r *TokenCreateResult) TokenID() (string, error) {
-	return r.tokenID, nil
-}
-
-// ExpiresAt retrieves the token expiration time.
-func (r *TokenCreateResult) ExpiresAt() (time.Time, error) {
-	type tokenResp struct {
-		ExpiresAt string `mapstructure:"expires_at"`
+// Extract interprets a commonResult as a Token.
+func (r commonResult) Extract() (*Token, error) {
+	if r.Err != nil {
+		return nil, r.Err
 	}
 
-	type response struct {
-		Token tokenResp `mapstructure:"token"`
+	var response struct {
+		Token struct {
+			ExpiresAt string `mapstructure:"expires_at"`
+		} `mapstructure:"token"`
 	}
 
-	var resp response
-	err := mapstructure.Decode(r.response, &resp)
+	var token Token
+
+	// Parse the token itself from the stored headers.
+	token.ID = r.header.Get("X-Subject-Token")
+
+	err := mapstructure.Decode(r.Resp, &response)
 	if err != nil {
-		return time.Time{}, err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	// Attempt to parse the timestamp.
-	ts, err := time.Parse(RFC3339Milli, resp.Token.ExpiresAt)
+	token.ExpiresAt, err = time.Parse(RFC3339Milli, response.Token.ExpiresAt)
 	if err != nil {
-		return time.Time{}, err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return ts, nil
+	return &token, nil
+}
+
+// CreateResult is the deferred response from a Create call.
+type CreateResult struct {
+	commonResult
+}
+
+// createErr quickly creates a CreateResult that reports an error.
+func createErr(err error) CreateResult {
+	return CreateResult{
+		commonResult: commonResult{
+			CommonResult: gophercloud.CommonResult{Err: err},
+			header:       nil,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// GetResult is the deferred response from a Get call.
+type GetResult struct {
+	commonResult
+}
+
+// Token is a string that grants a user access to a controlled set of services in an OpenStack provider.
+// Each Token is valid for a set length of time.
+type Token struct {
+	// ID is the issued token.
+	ID string
+
+	// ExpiresAt is the timestamp at which this token will no longer be accepted.
+	ExpiresAt time.Time
 }
diff --git a/openstack/identity/v3/tokens/results_test.go b/openstack/identity/v3/tokens/results_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 669db61..0000000
--- a/openstack/identity/v3/tokens/results_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-package tokens
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-)
-
-func TestTokenID(t *testing.T) {
-	result := TokenCreateResult{tokenID: "1234"}
-
-	token, _ := result.TokenID()
-	if token != "1234" {
-		t.Errorf("Expected tokenID of 1234, got %s", token)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestExpiresAt(t *testing.T) {
-	resp := map[string]interface{}{
-		"token": map[string]string{
-			"expires_at": "2013-02-02T18:30:59.000000Z",
-		},
-	}
-
-	result := TokenCreateResult{
-		tokenID:  "1234",
-		response: resp,
-	}
-
-	expected, _ := time.Parse(time.UnixDate, "Sat Feb 2 18:30:59 UTC 2013")
-	actual, err := result.ExpiresAt()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Error extraction expiration time: %v", err)
-	}
-	if actual != expected {
-		t.Errorf("Expected expiration time %s, but was %s", expected.Format(time.UnixDate), actual.Format(time.UnixDate))
-	}
-}
diff --git a/openstack/identity/v3/tokens/urls.go b/openstack/identity/v3/tokens/urls.go
index 5b47c02..360b60a 100644
--- a/openstack/identity/v3/tokens/urls.go
+++ b/openstack/identity/v3/tokens/urls.go
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
 
 import "github.com/rackspace/gophercloud"
 
-func getTokenURL(c *gophercloud.ServiceClient) string {
+func tokenURL(c *gophercloud.ServiceClient) string {
 	return c.ServiceURL("auth", "tokens")
 }
diff --git a/openstack/identity/v3/tokens/urls_test.go b/openstack/identity/v3/tokens/urls_test.go
index 5ff8bc6..549c398 100644
--- a/openstack/identity/v3/tokens/urls_test.go
+++ b/openstack/identity/v3/tokens/urls_test.go
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 	client := gophercloud.ServiceClient{Endpoint: testhelper.Endpoint()}
 
 	expected := testhelper.Endpoint() + "auth/tokens"
-	actual := getTokenURL(&client)
+	actual := tokenURL(&client)
 	if actual != expected {
 		t.Errorf("Expected URL %s, but was %s", expected, actual)
 	}